Niche partitioning of sympatric penguins by leapfrog foraging appears to be resilient to climate change

Clewlow, Harriet L.; Takahashi, Akinori; Watanabe, Shinichi; Votier, Stephen C.; Downie, Rod; Ratcliffe, Norman

doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12919

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…the case where northerly breeding species or populations migrate longer distances to spend the non-breeding season further south than southerly breeding populations or species. Leapfrog migratory populations have been found in Bulwer's petrel Bulweria bulwerii [48], and the leapfrog concept has also been applied to sympatric Adélie and chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis adeliae and P. antarcticus [49]. The latter arises where two sympatric, central-place foraging colonial seabirds display a combination of allochrony and stage-dependent foraging ranges [49].…”

Section: Ecological Nichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leapfrog migratory populations have been found in Bulwer's petrel Bulweria bulwerii [48], and the leapfrog concept has also been applied to sympatric Adélie and chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis adeliae and P. antarcticus [49]. The latter arises where two sympatric, central-place foraging colonial seabirds display a combination of allochrony and stage-dependent foraging ranges [49]. Allochrony is also found in the present study, with mean arrival dates among the species more than 1 month apart ( Table 3, Figs.…”

Section: Ecological Nichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Niche switching and leapfrog foraging: movement ecology of sympatric petrels during the early breeding season

et al. 2020

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Background: The timing of events in the early part of the breeding season is crucially important for successful reproduction. Long-lived animals that migrate large distances independently of each other meet at the breeding sites to re-establish their pair bonds and coordinate their breeding duties with their partners. Methods: Using miniature light-geolocation and immersion data together with blood stable isotopes, we studied the early breeding season in Thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri, Antarctic prions P. desolata and Blue petrels Halobaena caerulea breeding at Kerguelen Islands in the Indian Ocean. These three species exhibit differences in their winter habitat and timing of migration, moult and breeding. We hypothesised that these differences would influence their behaviour during the early breeding season. Results: In line with our hypothesis, we found clear differences not only in the timing of colony attendance, but also in the time budgets while at sea and in habitat use. Both early breeding Blue petrels and late breeding Antarctic prions spent about 8 h per day in flight and 15 h foraging. In comparison, Thin-billed prions, which breed in midsummer, spent less time (5 h daily) in flight and more time (18 h daily) foraging, thus maximizing the time spent foraging during the longest daylight days of the year. While the ecological habitat parameters (sea temperature, wind, productivity) of Thin-billed prions and Blue petrels were relatively stable throughout the year, Antarctic prions showed clear niche switching, caused by leapfrogging between the northernmost winter distribution to the southernmost distribution during the early breeding season. Blood stable isotopes confirmed the habitat switch between the interbreeding and early breeding periods and highlighted trophic segregation with Blue petrels feeding more on fish and Antarctic petrels more on crustaceans during the early breeding period. Conclusion: We found that the three sympatric petrel species segregated in time and space, both in the winter and the early breeding season. The interplay of timing and distribution meant that the three species show the full range of migratory strategies, from niche-tracking Blue petrels to niche-switching Antarctic prions. The latitudinal distribution resembled the leapfrogging of terrestrial avian migrant species or populations.

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Section: Ecological Nichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Nichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche switching and leapfrog foraging: movement ecology of sympatric petrels during the early breeding season

et al. 2020

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“…Even when species use the same resources and the same habitats, segregation along the temporal axis can allow species to exploit similar resources without direct competition. For example, a slight difference in the phenology of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarcticus) penguins means that the two species substantially reduced spatial overlap by foraging in similar areas a few weeks apart [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging behaviour and habitat-use drives niche segregation in sibling seabird species

et al. 2020

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To mediate competition, similar sympatric species are assumed to use different resources, or the same but geographically separated resources. The two giant petrels ( Macronectes spp.) are intriguing in that they are morphologically similar seabirds with overlapping diets and distributions. To better understand the mechanisms allowing their coexistence, we investigated intra- and interspecific niche segregation at Marion Island (Southern Indian Ocean), one of the few localities where they breed in sympatry. We used GPS tracks from 94 individuals and remote-sensed environmental data to quantify habitat use, combined with blood carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios from 90 individuals to characterize their foraging habitat and trophic ecology. Females of both species made distant at-sea foraging trips and fed at a similar trophic level. However, they used distinct pelagic habitats. By contrast, males of both species mainly foraged on or near land, resulting in significant sexual segregation, but high interspecific habitat and diet overlap. However, some males showed flexible behavioural strategies, also making distant, pelagic foraging trips. Using contemporaneous tracking, environmental and stable isotope data we provide a clear example of how sympatric sibling species can be segregated along different foraging behaviour dimensions.

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“…Among sympatric species, the competition and availability of resources determine how they coexist in the community [1, 2]. When species compete for the same food, space or any environmental resource, several mechanisms are displayed to avoid niche overlap [3], as well as constrains or expansions of niche breadth and dispersion abilities [4–6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the coexistence strategies of mud-daubing wasp species through trophic analysis in oases of Baja California peninsula

2019

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Species within the same trophic level show different strategies to avoid competition. Among these mechanisms, differences in body size, spatio-temporal segregation, and diet preference often leads to a niche partitioning. Nonetheless, little attention on coexisting predatory insects and their network interactions has been paid. In this study, we analyzed the strategies to avoid competition among three sympatric mud-daubing wasps of the genus Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in oases and their surrounding xeric area from the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. We compared the prey richness, composition and proportion of spider guilds that were captured by the wasps. We tested whether the differences in wasp body size explained the niche breadth, niche overlap and the size of spider prey. We assessed the spider-wasp interactions through a network analysis. With the use of trap-nests, we collected 52 spider species captured by the wasps. Both the guild and species composition of preyed spiders was different between the three wasp species. Differential proportions in the capture of spider guilds and a little diet overlap were found among the wasp species. We found that the wasp body size was positively correlated with prey size, but it was not a proxy of niche breadth. Moreover, the largest wasp species was able to nest in both mesic and xeric habitats, while the two smaller species were restricted to the oases. This study reveals that the diversity of spiders in oases of Baja California peninsula is crucial to maintain highly specialized oasis-dependent wasp species. The niche partitioning between mud-daubing wasps can be shaped by their inherent body size limitations and hunting strategies through foraging specialization for specific spider guilds. Food selection and slight differences in body size reduce competition and allow the coexistence of sympatric wasps. Our study is the first approach exploring the interaction networks between mud-daubing wasps and their spider preys, highlighting new insights into the morphological and ecological factors that shape antagonistic interactions, and allow the coexistence of predators in deserts.

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Niche partitioning of sympatric penguins by leapfrog foraging appears to be resilient to climate change

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Niche switching and leapfrog foraging: movement ecology of sympatric petrels during the early breeding season

Niche switching and leapfrog foraging: movement ecology of sympatric petrels during the early breeding season

Foraging behaviour and habitat-use drives niche segregation in sibling seabird species

Disentangling the coexistence strategies of mud-daubing wasp species through trophic analysis in oases of Baja California peninsula

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