Nickel allergy in a Danish population 25 years after the first nickel regulation

Abstract

Nickel exposures that led to the implementation of a nickel regulation seem to persist. The durations of contact with metallic items to fall under the current REACH regulation of nickel correspond well with the results of this study.

Short contact with nickel causes allergic contact dermatitis: an experimental study

“…Furthermore, skin sites with previous allergic nickel dermatitis have been shown to have a local allergen‐specific memory and a reduced threshold for elicitation of dermatitis . The results of this study are in line with our previous finding that nickel‐allergic individuals report dermatitis after relatively short direct contact with metallic items (21·4% after 10 min of contact) . Moreover, the increased occurrence of nickel dermatitis in patients with atopic dermatitis may point to the effect of an irritated and impaired skin barrier …”

Sensitization to nickel in the Triveneto region: Temporal trend after European Union regulations

“…In our study, nickel positivity decreased significantly only in the young female group (≤ 25 years) in patch tests performed after 2002 (compared with previous tests performed in 1997–2001), while the prevalence remained high in older women. This confirms results from other countries where the national directives came in to force during the 1990s . Persistence of nickel sensitivity in older women was also seen by Garg et al in 2013 and Thyssen in 2011 …”

“…This confirms results from other countries where the national directives came in to force during the 1990s. [11][12][13][14] Persistence of nickel sensitivity in older women was also seen by Garg et al in 2013 and Thyssen in 2011. 7,14 The analysis of nickel sensitization in women according to birth years can better illustrate the effect of EU legislation.…”

“…Nickel sensitization in Italian men was quite stable, but with a higher prevalence compared to men in other EU countries . This sensitization can be due to contact with metal objects, such as belt buckles and wrist watches, which were the principal causes in men of nickel sensitization . It is possible that in Italy, the warm climate can increase sweating with a possible higher release of nickel ions from nickel containing objects in contact with the skin .…”

“…7 This sensitization can be due to contact with metal objects, such as belt buckles and wrist watches, which were the principal causes in men of nickel sensitization. 12 It is possible that in Italy, the warm climate can increase sweating with a possible higher release of nickel ions from nickel containing objects in contact with the skin. 16 Moreover, the main reason for the continuing high prevalence of nickel allergy, especially in southern Europe, may be related to cultural aspects (ie, piercing of babies), but also to a lack of control, surveillance, and information campaigns.…”