Nickel ammonium phosphate and reduced graphene oxide two‐dimensional hybrid material for improving the fire safety and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)

Abstract

In this study, a hybrid material with band-shaped nickel ammonium phosphate monohydrate (NiNH 4 PO 4 .H 2 O) (ANP) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was devised by the one-pot method. This material is a novel, efficient and non-halogen flame retardant and smoke suppressant. Based on the characterization results, a crystal growth and thermal decomposition process of ANP is proposed, which proves that it has flame retardancy and smoke suppression in the gas phase and condensed phase. When the amount of ANP/RGO was 15 phr (per hundred parts of resin), the total smoke production, peak smoke production rate, total heat release and peak heat release rate of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composite were 49.76%, 59.46%, 47.48% and 69.94% lower respectively than those of pure PVC. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the PVC composite increased by 6.74%. The results show that ANP/RGO improves the fire safety performance, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of PVC composites. The significant improvement in fire safety performance is mainly attributed to the dilution of combustible gases with ammonia and water generated by the decomposition of ANP/RGO during combustion, and the phosphide in the condensed phase made the residual char crosslinked and denser to protect the substrate more effectively.

Preparation and characterization of UiO‐66‐NH2 adsorbed triethyl phosphate: Flame retardancy and smoke suppression for epoxy resins

“…The graphitization degree of char residue is determined by the ratio of integral area ( I D / I G ) between D band and G band. Generally speaking, the lower the I D / I G value, the higher the graphitization degree of char residue 34 . This value also determines which form of carbon (amorphous or graphitized) dominates the char residues after combustion 35,36 …”

“…Generally speaking, the lower the I D /I G value, the higher the graphitization degree of char residue. 34 This value also determines which form of carbon (amorphous or graphitized) dominates the char residues after combustion. 35,36…”

Sustainable Flame Retardant Coatings Derived from Chinese Lacquer Blend with Synergistic Flame Retardant Silicon-Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate

“…Te heat release rate (HRR) is a representative parameter to characterize the thermal properties. Te evaluation of the HRR allows the analysis of the thermal properties of the material and thus the evaluation of the fame retardancy of the composite flms [32,33]. Generally, heat release rate (HRR), especially maximum heat release rate (PHRR), plays an important role in the process of fre difusion.…”