Nickel, lead and antimony distributions between ferrous calcium silicate slag and copper at 1300°C

Kaur, Ranjeet; Swinbourne, D. R.; Nexhip, C.

doi:10.1179/174328509x383890

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The slope of the trend line for the distribution coefficient of nickel between copper alloy and slag is approximately -0.44 with both slags used in this study. This indicates dissolution into the slag as divalent oxide NiO, which agrees with the results of Takeda et al and Kaur et al [16,18] obtained using calcium ferrite, FCS, and iron silicate slags. However, as the slope is slightly less negative than -0.5 (which corresponds to dissolution as NiO), nickel may dissolve both as Ni 2+ and Ni 0 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…4 right side) decreases from approximately 50-70 in most reducing conditions of this study to 0.4 in oxidizing atmosphere. These values correspond quite well with the results of Kaur et al [18] for FCS slags at pO2 10 -6 atm, and Sukhomlinov & Taskinen [19] for iron silicate slags in pO2 range of 10 -8 -10 -5 atm. Based on the results of this study, a slight decrease in nickel losses to the liquid slag phase can be obtained by changing the slag composition from silica saturated iron silicate slag to iron-aluminous spinel saturated slag.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Behavior of Nickel as a Trace Element and Time-Dependent Formation of Spinels in WEEE Smelting

Klemettinen

Avarmaa

Taskinen

2018

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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For better understanding and maximal value utilization of the WEEE smelting process, the behavior and distribution of different trace elements must be known. In this study, the behavior of nickel as a trace element was studied in an equilibrium system with metallic copper-spinel saturated iron silicate slag (with 3 wt-% K2O)-iron aluminous spinelgas. The experiments were conducted in alumina crucibles at 1300 °C, in oxygen pressure range of 10-10-10-5 atm. A time series of 15-60 min experiments was also conducted for investigating the formation rate of the primary spinel phase in the system. The results show that the distribution coefficient of nickel between metallic copper and liquid slag changes from approximately 70 to 0.4 along the increasing oxygen pressure range. In addition, a significant part of the nickel deports into the spinel phase. The spinel formation was investigated based on composition analysis results and visual observations from SEM-images.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Behavior of Nickel as a Trace Element and Time-Dependent Formation of Spinels in WEEE Smelting

Klemettinen

Avarmaa

Taskinen

2018

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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“…Some studies have been conducted regarding the recovery of antimony from WEEE, MSWI (Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) bottom ash and flue dusts by leaching [29,31,34,35] and from the plastic fraction of WEEE by staged-gasification [36,37]. The distribution of antimony between copper and different slags has also been studied by some authors previously [21,[38][39][40][41][42][43]. Similarly as for tin, no studies regarding the effect of alkali metal oxides on the distribution behavior of antimony were found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Tin and Antimony in Secondary Copper Smelting Process

et al. 2019

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Different types of metal-bearing wastes, such as WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), are important urban minerals in modern society, and the efficient recycling and reuse of their metal values is of key interest. Pyrometallurgical copper smelting is one of the most prominent ways of treating WEEE, however, more accurate experimental data is needed regarding the behavior of different elements during each process stage. This article investigates the behavior of tin and antimony, both commonly present as trace elements in electrical and electronic waste, in secondary (i.e., sulfur-free) copper smelting conditions. The experiments were conducted in oxygen partial pressure range of 10−10–10−5 atm, covering the different process steps in copper smelting. The basis of the equilibrium system was metallic copper–iron silicate slag, with the addition of alumina and potassium oxide to account for the presence of these compounds in the actual industrial process. The results showed that the distribution coefficients of both trace metals, LCu/slag = [wt % Me]copper/(wt % Me)slag, increased significantly as a function of decreasing oxygen pressure, and the addition of basic potassium oxide also had an increasing effect on the distribution coefficient. A brief comparison between EPMA and LA-ICP-MS (electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry), the two in situ analytical techniques used, was also presented and discussed.

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“…Kaur et al [7] determined the slag/metal distribution ratios for nickel, lead, and antimony and showed that, in its ability to absorb minor element oxides, FCS slag is a suitable slag for continuous copper converting. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the severity of refractory attack by FCS slag.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slag and Calcium Ferrite Slag Interactions with Magnesia-Chrome Refractories

Kaur

Swinbourne

Wadsley³

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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The cost of maintaining and eventually replacing refractories as a result of slag attack is a significant cost component in the copper industry. Converting matte to blister copper takes place in reactors lined with direct-bonded magnesia-chrome refractories, and several continuous converting operations use calcium ferrite slag. Unfortunately, the low viscosity of calcium ferrite slag makes it aggressive toward the refractories. Ferrous calcium silicate (FCS) slag has been proposed as a replacement; however, the effect of this slag on magnesia-chrome refractories has not been studied. In this work, the interactions between FCS slag and magnesia-chrome refractory at 1573 K (1300°C) with an oxygen partial pressure of 10 À6 atm were studied and compared with that experienced with calcium ferrite slag under the same conditions. Both slags penetrated the pores in the refractory and caused compositional change in the chromite spinel intergranular bonding phase through cation interdiffusion, which resulted in cracking and debonding of periclase grains. It was observed that the refractory was penetrated much more deeply by calcium ferrite slag than FCS slag because of the higher surface tension and lower viscosity of calcium ferrite slag. As a result, the refractory was attacked less by FCS slag than it was by calcium ferrite slag. It is concluded that the use of FCS slag in continuous copper converting is likely to extend refractory life.

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Nickel, lead and antimony distributions between ferrous calcium silicate slag and copper at 1300°C

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Behavior of Nickel as a Trace Element and Time-Dependent Formation of Spinels in WEEE Smelting

Behavior of Nickel as a Trace Element and Time-Dependent Formation of Spinels in WEEE Smelting

Behavior of Tin and Antimony in Secondary Copper Smelting Process

Comparison of Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slag and Calcium Ferrite Slag Interactions with Magnesia-Chrome Refractories

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