Nickel-Palladium Nanoparticles for Nonenzymatic Methanol Detection

Abstract

Silicon microchannel plates (MCP) modified by nickel-palladium nanoparticles (Ni-Pd/Si-MCP) have highly ordered microchannels with uniform diameters and lengths isolated and parallel to one another and are excellent sensors for the determination of methanol in alkaline solutions. The 3D ordered Si MCP is fabricated by electrochemical etching used as the backbone, and the Ni-Pd nanoparticles are sensitive materials for detecting methanol that was obtained by an electroless plating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electrochemical methods were employed to characterize the Ni-Pd/Si-MCP structure. An electrochemical workstation was used to monitor the sensing characteristics of the Ni-Pd/Si-MCP electrode. As a result of the synergetic effects rendered by the MCP and Ni-Pd nanoparticles, these sensors present a high sensitivity of 0.168 mA mM À1 , and the detection limits was 12 lM. In particular, since the fabrication process is compatible with conventional silicon technology, the structure has immense potential as an efficient, nonenzymatic, and integrated methanol sensors.

Fluorometric Detection of Methanol by Using Triphenylamine Fluorophore Tethered Terpyridine Probe

“…[6] Thereby, development of sensor for detection of the methanol presence is very essential. [7,8] On the other hand, naturally methanol forms in high concentration in many alcoholic beverages due to the degradation of pectin during fermentation or the result of unsuitable distillation. [9,10] Ingestion of methanol exceeding the permitted limit of 1-2 mL per kg body mass, methanol can form toxic metabolites (example: metabolic acidosis) in vivo and affect the central nervous system as well as blood system that may potentially lead to death.…”

“…In the duration of COVID‐ 19 pandemic, a large number of poisonous methanol containing hand sanitizers were seized worldwide is reported by FDA [6] . Thereby, development of sensor for detection of the methanol presence is very essential [7,8] . On the other hand, naturally methanol forms in high concentration in many alcoholic beverages due to the degradation of pectin during fermentation or the result of unsuitable distillation [9,10] .…”

“…For instance, during 2017-2019, about 7,104 intoxicated people and more than 1,888 fatalities were reported in 306 registered methanol poisoning epidemics, in which > 90 % cases found in Asia. [7,8] Another study shows that, the mortalities rate due to alcohol poisoning significantly increased by 7.5 % in Iran after the COVID-19 epidemic. [13] Therefore, development of simple method for selective, fast and efficient detection of methanol from other solvents/ alcohols/VOCs has attracted great interest in current scientific research.…”

“…Thus, methanol poisoning by ingestion is a world‐wide problem related to high morbidity and mortality rate. For instance, during 2017–2019, about 7,104 intoxicated people and more than 1,888 fatalities were reported in 306 registered methanol poisoning epidemics, in which >90 % cases found in Asia [7,8] . Another study shows that, the mortalities rate due to alcohol poisoning significantly increased by 7.5 % in Iran after the COVID‐19 epidemic [13] .…”

Design of NiOOH/PANI-Gr and NiOOH/PANI-CNTs Interfaces for Sensitive and Selective Methanol Electrochemical Sensors

“…Despite many obvious advantages, these modified working electrodes still require high working potentials, leading to poor sensitivity, electrode fouling, and low selectivity. [4][5][6][7] To further solve this problem, in this work, NiOOH/PANI-Gr and NiOOH/PANI-CNTs modified electrodes were designed as sensing interfaces for the MeOH sensor. The advantages of using these interfaces were following: (i) the application of highly conductive PANI can improve sensitivity and selectivity because PANI has a porous structure and good electrical conductivity; (ii) As for Gr and CNTs, there are many reasons why they are ideal for sensor application, including the highest conductivity (for both heat and electricity) which enables good transport of electrons between the surface of the Gr and a molecule-analyte; (iii) The formation of structurally stable but catalytically active γ-NiOOH upon overoxidizing exhibited better electrocatalytic activity for MeOH oxidation; iv) The whole sensor fabrication process was electrochemical, including an electropolymerization to form PANI-Gr or PANI-CNTs hybrids and followed by the eletrodeposition and overoxidation of NiOOH nanoparticles on the sensing interfaces.…”