To improve electromagnetic (EM) wave
attenuation and its absorption
properties, herein, for the first time, we grow needle-like magnetic
NiCo2O4 nanoparticles in situ on lightweight
open cell reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foam by the hydrothermal
method, leading to hierarchically nanostructured foam. The foam was
synthesized by the carbonization of flexible polyurethane foam followed
by acid treatment. The coating structure, stability, and performance
were systematically investigated by various complementary techniques
using XRD, XPS, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopies, compression test,
and ultrasonication. The foam coated for 12 h exhibited considerably
improved shielding effectiveness (SE), i.e., ∼36 dB from ∼23
dB for the bare RVC foam in the X-band, leading to ∼99.97%
shielding efficiency. Although the foams mainly showed reflection-dominated
properties regardless of the coating, the EM absorption improved with
coating. The shielding mechanism is explained by means of reflection
and absorption coefficients and dielectric and magnetic losses manifested
by NiCo2O4 coating and interfacial polarization.