“…Advances in remote sensing and geographic information system (RS-GIS) technology (Chao et al, 2021;Li et al, 2022;Wang, Zhang, et al, 2021;Wang, Fang, et al, 2021;Yin, Wang, Keim, et al, 2022;Zhang et al, , 2023Zhao et al, 2021), along with statistical and artificial intelligence models (Li et al, 2021;Meng et al, 2019;Wang, Zhao, et al, 2022;Wang, Henning, et al, 2022;Xie et al, 2021), greatly help in the mapping of a number of natural hazards with proper management of environmental issues through land use planning. Studies of flood hazards incorporate geospatial technologies, particularly GIS and RS techniques.…”