Nighttime exchange processes near the soil surface of a maize canopy

Jacobs, A.F.G.; Boxel, J.H. van; Nieveen, J.P.

doi:10.1016/0168-1923(96)02333-7

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Wheat had a height of <1 m, while maize had a height of 3 m. The temperature of the bottom layer within the maize canopy becomes warmer than the upper layer when incident radiation is low or absent (Jakobs et al. ). Due to this finding and the position of the blower on the ground, it can be assumed that in the maize field the warmer air was taken from the layer close to ground.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is rather similar to the blower effect described by Pinter et al (2000) who examined the impacts of the FACE technique on wheat in Arizona. They reported the blower to disrupt near-ground atmospheric stability in the night-time by entraining warmer air from above the canopy, thus increasing air temperature and VPD around (Jakobs et al 1996). Due to this finding and the position of the blower on the ground, it can be assumed that in the maize field the warmer air was taken from the layer close to ground.…”

Section: Evidence For a Blower Effect On Canopy Microclimate In The Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Free‐Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Sap Flow and Canopy Microclimate of Maize Grown under Different Water Supply

Manderscheid

Erbs

Burkart

et al. 2015

J Agronomy Crop Science

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The rise of atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]) affects stomatal conductance and thus transpiration and leaf temperature. We evaluated the effect of elevated [CO 2 ] levels under different water supply on daily sap flow and canopy microclimate (air temperature (Tc) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD)) of maize. The crop was cultivated in circular field plots under ambient (AMB, 378 lmol mol À1 ) and elevated [CO 2 ] (FACE, 550 lmol mol À1 ) using free-air CO 2 enrichment with sufficient water in 2007, while in 2008 a DRY semicircle received only half as much water as compared to the WET semicircle from mid of July. In 2007, sap flow was measured in WET simultaneously under AMB and FACE conditions and was significantly decreased by elevated [CO 2 ]. In 2008, sap flow was measured in all four treatments but not simultaneously. Therefore, data were correlated with potential evaporation and the slopes were used to determine treatment effects. Drought reduced whole-plant transpiration by 50 % and 37 % as compared to WET conditions under AMB and FACE, respectively. Moreover, CO 2 enrichment did not affect sap flow under drought but decreased it under WET by 20 % averaged over both years. The saving of water in the period before the drought treatment resulted in a displacement of dry soil conditions under FACE as compared to AMB. Under WET, CO 2 enrichment always increased Tc and VPD during the day. Under DRY, FACE plots were warmer and drier most of the time in August, but cooler and damper short after the start of drought in July and from the end of August onwards. Thus, the CO 2 effect on transpiration under drought was variable and detectable rather easy by measuring canopy microclimate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For a Blower Effect On Canopy Microclimate In The Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Free‐Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Sap Flow and Canopy Microclimate of Maize Grown under Different Water Supply

Manderscheid

Erbs

Burkart

et al. 2015

J Agronomy Crop Science

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show abstract

“…As such, it should be taken into account whenever exchange processes within the plant canopy are being analyzed (Jacobs et al, 1996) as it appears to be a major sink of available energy in the early morning (Pitacco et al, 1992) and to affect the actual canopy temperature (Bourque and Arp, 1994). On bare soil, nocturnal dew usually evaporates the following morning, creating a diurnal cycle of water content in the uppermost soil layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dew formation and water vapor adsorption in semi-arid environments—A review

Agam

Berliner

2006

Journal of Arid Environments

401

313

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“…This equation takes into account the transport of energy and vapour in the atmosphere. It has been applied to studies of dew formation on various types of vegetation and in different regions [1,3,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. The results have proven that the PM equation can estimate dewfall with high precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Agreement of Four Equations for Computing Dewfall in Northern Germany

Xiao

Meißner

Borg

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The energy balance (EB), turbulent vapour transport (TVT), Penman-Monteith (PM) and Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) equation were used to estimate dewfall based on meteorological data. Initially there were big disagreements between the estimates from these four equations. However, after multiplying the heat and vapour conductance terms by 0.33 the agreement was much better. This implies that the disagreements derived from improper conductance values. Initially we did not consider the effect of atmospheric stability on the conductances. With stability correction the conductances were on average 0.5 times the values without stability correction. To arrive at the aforementioned 0.33, the conductances with stability correction still need to be lower by a factor of 0.66. The value of the von Karman constant and the relationships for the zero plane displacement and the roughness length we used in our conductance computations are widely used, but not the only possible ones. With different values and relationships also suggested in the literature one can reach this factor. However, it is also possible that our wind speed data contributed to the fact that the conductances we computed were too high. Their computation for a given canopy-atmosphere system requires wind speeds from a wind profile in equilibrium with the vegetation. This in turn requires an adequate fetch around the investigated surface. The highly varied vegetation in and around the site where the study was conducted makes adequate fetch rather doubtful. To obtain valid conductance values the atmospheric stability conditions must be considered, the appropriate values for the von Karman constant, the zero plane displacement and roughness length must be used, and there must be adequate fetch. The BREB equation does not contain a conductance term and therefore does not suffer from the problems just stated. The other three equations do. However, the BREB, like the EB and TVT equations, need the surface temperature which is not routinely measured. This then leaves the PM equation from which this temperature has been eliminated as the only option. Hence, in a future study dewfall estimates from the PM equation should be compared with direct measurements with a high precision weighing lysimeter.

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Nighttime exchange processes near the soil surface of a maize canopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Free‐Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Sap Flow and Canopy Microclimate of Maize Grown under Different Water Supply

Effects of Free‐Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Sap Flow and Canopy Microclimate of Maize Grown under Different Water Supply

Dew formation and water vapor adsorption in semi-arid environments—A review

Agreement of Four Equations for Computing Dewfall in Northern Germany

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