Nine-Year Single-Center Experience With Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Hemoptysis: Medium-Term Outcomes

Abstract

TAE is an effective treatment for hemoptysis in both short- and medium-terms, especially in benign lung disease.

Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization

“…And hypertension was also significantly associated with recurrent hemoptysis and mortality. Until now, cardiovascular disease including pulmonary hypertension has been studied as a cause of hemoptysis , but hypertension has been accompanied in many hemoptysis patients, so it seems to be an aggravation factor rather than a cause. It is necessary to have more study whether hypertension is really associated with prognosis.…”

Massive hemoptysis in pulmonary infections: bronchial artery embolization

“…Bronchial artery selection is performed using 4 or 5 French catheters (Mikaelson, Cobra, Simmons, Headhunter type catheters) and opacified using iodinated contrast material. Extravasation of iodinated contrast during angiography is an exceedingly rare finding, but more commonly found is hypertrophied bronchial arteries, shunting into the pulmonary vasculature, hypervascularity, or aneurysm formation (1,5,27,28) (Figure 3). Prior to embolization, angiograms must be carefully examined for the presence of medullary arteries which reinforce the anterior spinal artery.…”

Diagnosis and Management of Lung Infections

“…Tuberculosis remains the most common cause of hemoptysis worldwide; however, in the United States, invasive fungal infections, chronic granulomatous disease, bronchiectasis, and bronchitis account for most cases. 84,85 Conservative management can often control bleeding. The current recommended strategy for hemoptysis is initial nonoperative management and stabilization, with surgery reserved for isolated cases.…”

“…89 More than 80% of patients can be treated successfully with bronchoscopic localization. 84,89 The bleeding site can be controlled with balloon tamponade, laser ablation, and local vasopressor therapy. The decision to intervene angiographically should be made based on the clinical examination, imaging results, bronchoscopic findings, and physician expertise.…”

“…Transcatheter arterial embolization is successful in most patients. 84,85,[90][91][92][93][94] Although bronchial embolization is the mainstay of treatment, emergency surgery can be considered if initial attempts to control bleeding and stabilize the patient prove unsuccessful. The decision to take the patient to the operating room requires at a minimum known laterality of the lesion and, optimally, lobar location ( Fig.…”