NiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Stability and Reproducibility

Islam, M. Bodiul; Yanagida, Masatoshi; Shirai, Yasuhiro; Nabetani, Yoichi; Miyano, Kenjiro

doi:10.1021/acsomega.7b00538

Cited by 232 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…[46][47][48]50] As shown in Figure 1, this problem is avoided in this work by using oxygen as process gas. [46][47][48]50] As shown in Figure 1, this problem is avoided in this work by using oxygen as process gas.…”

Section: Fundamental Characteristics Of Electron Beam Evaporated Nickmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a tandem solar cell, the strong parasitic absorption in spiro-MeOTAD used in the top solar cell can cause significant current losses, thus motivating the search for alternative materials to achieve the highest possible PCEs. [45][46][47][48][49] The most striking benefit of sputtering is the ease of additional doping (e.g., with Co, Cu, or Mg) to improve the conductivity of the NiO x layer. Inorganic HTL materials are among the most promising materials on the route toward highly stable and inexpensive perovskite solar cells for single-junction as well as multi-junction devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Abzieher

Moghadamzadeh

Schackmar

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

148

149

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application-oriented research like process engineering and upscaling is observed. [1][2][3][4][5] Even though other optoelectronic devices like light emitting diodes and lasers are being researched, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] perovskite-based photovoltaics (PV) is the key technology driving the fast emergence of perovskitebased optoelectronics. Recently, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) close to 24% were demonstrated for perovskite PV, exceeding the PCEs of established thinfilm technologies. [14] Despite the rapid progress in terms of PCE, one key challenge of perovskite-based PV is still its low stability under realistic outdoor stress conditions-temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A significant advance toward more stable devices was demonstrated by engineering the composition of the large cation site of the perovskite crystal structure and by including low-dimensional perovskite interlayers and passivation layers. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Further advances in stability are based on the charge extracting materials and their interfaces with the perovskite absorber layers. [21][22][23] Most reported record PCEs are still based on highly expensive organic hole transport layer (HTL) materials like 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di (4methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA). [20,24,25] Although these materials result in good performance on short High-quality charge carrier transport materials are of key importance for stable and efficient perovskite-based photovoltaics. This work reports on electron-beam-evaporated nickel oxide (NiO x ) layers, resulting in stable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 18.5% when integrated into solar cells employing inkjet-printed perovskite absorbers. By adding oxygen as a process gas and optimizing the layer thickness, transparent and efficient NiOx hole transport layers (HTLs) are fabricated, exhibiting an average absorptance of only 1%. The versatility of the material is demonstrated for different absorber compositions and deposition techniques. As another highlight of this work, all-evaporated perovskite solar cells employing an inorganic NiO x HTL are presented, achieving stable PCEs of up to 15.4%. Along with good PCEs, devices with electron-beam-evaporated NiO x show improved stability under realistic operating conditions with negligible degradation after 40 h of maximum power point tracking at 75 °C. Additionally, a strong improvement in device stability under ultraviolet radiation is found if compared to conventional perovskite solar cell architectures employing other metal oxide charge transport layers (e.g., titanium dioxide). Finally, an all-evaporated perovskite solar mini-module with a NiO x HTL is presented, reaching a PCE of 12.4% on an active device area of 2.3 cm 2 .

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Section: Fundamental Characteristics Of Electron Beam Evaporated Nickmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Abzieher

Moghadamzadeh

Schackmar

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

148

149

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“…However, due to its acidic nature and hygroscopic character, devices with PEDOT:PSS layers might degrade faster than devices with e.g. NiO x hole transport layers, which have a similar valence band energy as PEDOT:PSS films [10][11][12][13][14]. Some research groups also reported better crystallinity of the perovskite film on a NiO x layer than on PEDOT:PSS [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of NiOx-hole transport layers in triple cation perovskite solar cells

Weber

Rath

Mangalam

et al. 2017

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Perovskite solar cells with a planar p-i-n device structure offer easy processability at low temperatures, suitable for roll-to-roll fabrication on flexible substrates. Herein we investigate different hole transport layers (solution processed NiO x , sputtered NiO x , PEDOT:PSS) in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells using the triple cation lead halide perovskite Cs 0.08 (MA 0.17 FA 0.83 ) 0.92 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 as absorber layer. Overall, reproducible solar cell performances with power conversion efficiencies up to 12.8% were obtained using solution processed NiO x as hole transport layer in the devices. Compared to that, devices with PEDOT:PSS as hole transport layer yield efficiencies of approx. 8.4%. Further improvement of the fill factor was achieved by the use of an additional zinc oxide nanoparticle layer between the PC 60 BM film and the Ag electrode.

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“…We find the time constant of the hole injection and the quantity of the injected holes depend crucially on the choice of the HTM, and discuss the observed hole injection dynamics in comparison with the device performance of the solar cells containing the same interfaces. Samples for spectroscopic measurements consist of a glass substrate, a thin layer of HTM prepared by either spin-coating (PTAA and PEDOT:PSS) or sputtering (NiO x ) [15,16], and a 250-nm thick crystalline MAPbI 3 film [17,18], as schematically shown in Fig. 1b.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct Observation of Ultrafast Hole Injection from Lead Halide Perovskite by Differential Transient Transmission Spectroscopy

Ishioka

Barker

Yanagida

et al. 2017

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Efficient charge separation at the interfaces between the perovskite and with the carrier transport layers is crucial for perovskite solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency. We systematically investigate the hole injection dynamics from MAPbI3 perovskite to three typical hole transport materials (HTMs) PEDOT:PSS, PTAA and NiOx by means of pump-probe transmission measurements. We photoexcite only near the MAPbI3/HTM interface or near the back surface, and measure the differential transient transmission between the two excitation configurations to extract the carrier dynamics directly related to the hole injection. The differential transmission signals directly monitor the hole injections to PTAA and PEDOT:PSS being complete within 1 and 2 ps, respectively, and that to NiOx exhibiting an additional slow process of 40 ps time scale. The obtained injection dynamics are discussed in comparison with the device performance of the solar cells containing the same MAPbI3/HTM interfaces.Lead halide perovskite photovoltatic cells have been developing rapidly in the past few years, with their power conversion efficiency (PCE) now exceeding 22% [1]. The perovskites are direct semiconductors, and their photovoltatics can in principle work as a model p-i-n diode [2]. The difficulty in the controlled impurity doping in the perovskites can be circumvented by sandwiching the perovskite film between thin layers of electron-and holetransporting materials (ETM and HTM) in the planar heterojunction structure [3]. These carrier transporting layers enable efficient and irreversible separation of the electrons and holes photoexcited in the perovskite, and thereby lead to the high PCE of the perovskite solar cells. Whereas various inorganic and organic materials have been explored as ETM and HTM based on their conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) energies with respect to those of the perovskite, the actual device performance depends very weakly on the energy level offset [3,4] but can be significantly affected by other factors such as perovskite crystalline quality and interfacial defects [5,6].The charge separation dynamics can in principle be monitored directly by means of transient absorption (or transmission) measurements in the visible to teraherz ranges. The time scale of the charge injection from the perovskite to the HTM layer remain controversial despite the extensive previous studies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], however. The time constant of the hole injection from CH3NH3PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 ) to spiro-OMeTAD in the previous reports, for example, scattered widely from <80 fs [7] to 0.7 ps [8,9] to 8 ps [10]. The hole injection to NiO x was reported to be complete on sub-picosecond time scale [11], whereas those * ishioka.kunie@nims.go.jp to poly(triarylamine) (PTAA), poly(3-hexylthiophee-2,5-diyl (P3HT), and poly [2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b;3,4-b'] dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT) were reported to occur on sub-nanosecond time scales [12]. The ...

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NiO_x Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Stability and Reproducibility

Cited by 232 publications

References 45 publications

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Investigation of NiOx-hole transport layers in triple cation perovskite solar cells

Direct Observation of Ultrafast Hole Injection from Lead Halide Perovskite by Differential Transient Transmission Spectroscopy

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NiOx Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Stability and Reproducibility

Cited by 232 publications

References 45 publications

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

Investigation of NiOx-hole transport layers in triple cation perovskite solar cells

Direct Observation of Ultrafast Hole Injection from Lead Halide Perovskite by Differential Transient Transmission Spectroscopy

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Product

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NiO_x Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Stability and Reproducibility