Niobium and tantalum

Schulz, Klaus J.; Piatak, Nadine M.; Papp, John F.

doi:10.3133/pp1802m

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…, by extrinsic doping or in situ from lithiation) whereas carrier doping of titanium(IV) oxides typically results in lower mobility materials, possibly due to the tendency to form polarons. , From the perspective of availability, the average concentration of niobium in the upper continental crust is 10–26 ppm, comparable to cobalt (10–18 ppm), nickel (19–60 ppm), copper (14–32 ppm), molybdenum (0.6–1.5 ppm), tungsten (0.9–3.3 ppm), tin (1.7–5.5 ppm), lithium (20–41 ppm), vanadium (53–107 ppm), and zinc (52–75 ppm) but far less than Mn (600–735 ppm), Ti (0.45%), and Fe (4.1–4.7%) . In terms of the impact of the readiness of the niobium industry for battery materials, an estimated 74 000 tons of niobium was produced in 2019, but the reserves ( i.e ., economic resources, not total resources) were more than 13 000 000 tons. , According to the U.S. Geological Survey, “[w]orld resources of niobium are more than adequate to supply projected needs.” However, niobium is considered a critical element owing to its concentrated production, which is estimated at 88% from Brazil, primarily from one company, and 10% from Canada, also primarily from one company. − The U.S. Geological Survey also reports that the Elk Creek deposit in Nebraska, United States, is expected to produce niobium after 2020…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Niobium Oxide: From Discovery to Application in Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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Lithium-ion batteries are essential for portable technology and are now poised to disrupt a century of combustion-based transportation. The electrification revolution could eliminate our reliance on fossil fuels and enable a clean energy future; advanced batteries would facilitate this transition. However, owing to the demanding performance, cost, and safety requirements, it is challenging to translate new materials from laboratory prototypes to industrial-scale products. This Perspective describes that journey for a new lithium-ion battery anode material, TiNb2O7 (TNO). TNO is intended as an alternative to graphite or Li4Ti5O12 with better rate and safety characteristics than the former and higher energy density than the latter. The high capacity of TNO stems from the multielectron redox of Nb5+ to Nb3+, its operating voltage window well above the Li+/Li reduction potential prevents lithium dendrite formation, and its open crystal structure leads to high-power performance. Nevertheless, the creation of a practical TNO anode was nonlinear and nontrivial. Its history is built on 30 years of fundamental science that preceded its application as a battery anode, and its battery development included a nearly 30-year gap. The insights and lessons contained in this Perspective, many of them acquired firsthand, serve two purposes: (i) to unite the disparate studies of TiNb2O7 into a coherent modern understanding relevant to its application as a battery material and (ii) to highlight briefly some of the challenges faced when scaling up a new material that affect TiNb2O7 as well as new electrode candidates more generally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Niobium Oxide: From Discovery to Application in Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…Niobium and tantalum have very similar physical and chemical properties and typically occur together in igneous intrusive rocks (Schulz, Piatak, and Papp, 2017). Niobium is dominant in carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks and peralkaline granites and pegmatites.…”

Section: Mode Of Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico—Aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten

Hammarstrom¹,

Dicken²,

Day³

et al. 2020

Open-File Report

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Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico-Aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten, chap. B of U.S. Geological Survey, Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic sources of critical minerals:

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“…Niobium (Nb) is a typical critical element (European Commission 2020). It is intensively used by industry to produce superalloys, superconducting magnets and catalysts (Schulz et al 2017). In the frame of the environmental transition, Nb-based materials are also valued for their large range of innovative properties that result from structural defects (Ismael 2020, Ma et al 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niobium speciation in minerals revealed byL2,3-edges XANES spectroscopy

Bollaert

Chassé

Elnaggar

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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The complexity of niobium (Nb) mineralogy, dominated by more than one hundred oxides of similar crystal chemistry, makes it particularly challenging to determine Nb speciation in minerals.Here, we describe the first Nb L2,3-edges X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data on Nb-bearing minerals and synthetic oxides relevant to geological contexts. The interpretation of Nb L2,3-edges XANES spectra in light of crystal-field theory mirrors the sensitivity of spectra to the local site symmetry and the electronic configuration around Nb atoms. Crystal-field multiplet simulations give estimates of the 10Dq crystal-field parameter of Nb 5+ , ranging from 2.8 to 3.9 eV depending on Nb coordination and Nb-O distances. In particular, the 10Dq vs. R -5 relationship (where R represents the average Nb-O bond distance) is observed for octahedrally-coordinated Nb, as expected in a point-charge model. Complementary ligand-field multiplet simulations provide evidence of charge transfer between Nb and O. The Nb-O bonds show an equivalent mixing between ionic and covalent character unlike more ionic 3d metal-O bonds. These interpretations provide information on the mechanisms by which Nb 5+ substitutes for Fe 3+ , Ti 4+ or Ce 4+ in oxides common in environmental contexts. Whereas the substitution of Nb 5+ for Ce 4+ does not modify the local structure of the cation site in cerianite, the substitution of Nb 5+ for Ti 4+ in rutile and anatase results in an increase of the cation-ligand distance and a decrease in the symmetry of the cation site.Conversely, the substitution of Nb 5+ for Fe 3+ in hematite and goethite results in a smaller cation site distortion. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of Nb L 2,3 -edges XANES spectroscopy to constrain Nb speciation in minerals with direct relevance for understanding the processes that can concentrate this critical metal at economic levels.

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Niobium and tantalum

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Titanium Niobium Oxide: From Discovery to Application in Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries

Titanium Niobium Oxide: From Discovery to Application in Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries

Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico—Aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten

Niobium speciation in minerals revealed byL2,3-edges XANES spectroscopy

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