Niosomes as Biocompatible Scaffolds for the Multivalent Presentation of Tumor-Associated Antigens (TACAs) to the Immune System

Abstract

Fully synthetic tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA)-based vaccines are a promising strategy to treat cancer. To overcome the intrinsic low immunogenicity of TACAs, the choice of the antigens’ analogues and multivalent presentation have been proved to be successful. Here, we present the preparation, characterization, and in vitro screening of niosomes displaying multiple copies of the mucin antigen TnThr (niosomes-7) or of TnThr mimetic 1 (niosomes-2). Unprecedentedly, structural differences, likely related to the carbohydrate portions, were observed for the two colloidal systems. Both niosomal systems are stable, nontoxic and endowed with promising immunogenic properties.

From antigen uptake to immune modulation: the multifaceted potential of peptide nanofibers as vaccine nanocarriers

“…32,106 Previous studies demonstrated the niosomal ability, as a vaccine delivery vector, to intensify the immune response against the delivered antigens derived from infectious agents or tumour cells. 107,108 The efficient deliverability of inorganic material-based nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles has also promoted their utilisation in vaccine delivery. 109 Additionally, tubular nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes previously showed significant enhancement in immune response potency as vaccine carriers.…”

“…32,106 Previous studies demonstrated the niosomal ability, as a vaccine delivery vector, to intensify the immune response against the delivered antigens derived from infectious agents or tumour cells. 107,108 The efficient deliverability of inorganic Fig. 4 Peptide nanofiber-mediated mucosal non-invasive vaccination approach.…”

A Comprehensive Review on Niosomes in Drug Delivery and Recent Advancements

“…In parenteral delivery, non-ionic surfactant vesicles have exhibited promising potential to act as antibacterial agents in conjunction with various antigens and peptides. 27,43 A research conducted by Fallarini, Silvia, et al 45 found that glycosylated niosomes have the potential to induce macrophage differentiation towards an M1 phenotype. This phenotype is crucial for presenting antigens to responsive T cells in a proinflammatory environment, essential for generating an effective anticancer immune response.…”

“…This approach proves to be ideal for the development of synthetic tumor vaccines. 45 3.10 Diagnostic imaging: Theranostic nano-platforms have gained considerable attention due to their extensive potential in therapy and diagnostics using niosomes, stemming from their remarkable success and advancements in producing unique nanostructures. Consequently, theranostics has emerged as a prevalent method for tailored therapy.…”

Effect of Anomeric and Exocyclic Hydroxymethyl Conformers on Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds in Maltoside: A DFT Approach

“…Among them, the lamellar phase has drawn much interest from the biological point of view -mimicking as a model of a cell membrane [8]. Further, this model is used in the formulation of niosome -a drug delivery agent used in pharmaceutical and medicinal elds [4,[9][10][11]. Niosomes are vesicles formed by non-ionic surfactants like glycolipid, meanwhile, lysosome are vesicles formed by phospholipids.…”