NIR-activated upconversion nanoparticles/hydrogen-bonded organic framework nanocomposites for NIR-II imaging-guided cancer therapy

New Strategy: Molten Salt‐Assisted Synthesis to Enhance Lanthanide Upconversion Luminescence

“…The core-shell structures are constructed in consideration of the surface quenching, which is reduced by the epitaxial growth of inert shell layers onto the surface of core particles, spatially isolating the luminescent ions from external quenching sites, reducing surface quenching and enhancing luminescence. [19][20][21][22] Unfortunately, the construction of multilayer structures requires a very complicated synthetic process, which undoubtedly brings difficulties in experimental operation. All in all, all of the above strategies to enhance UCL intensity have certain shortcomings, either introducing foreign components that affect the original properties of the materials, or require complex experimental processes.…”

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: new horizons in biomedical applications

“…To further improve the penetration depth of excitation light and energy availability, Zhang's group grew HOFs (PFC-55) onto upconversion nanoparticles (CCS) for NIR-activated PDT. 34 The upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) core can absorb an 808 nm laser and then emit visible light and NIR-II fluorescence. Thus, the obtained CCS exhibited visible light as well as 808 nm activable 1 O 2 production and photothermal effects.…”

“…Their results suggested that liver was the main metabolic organ and HOFs showed negligible long-term toxicity in vivo at 28 days post-injection in biomedical applications. 34 Although detailed extracorporeal HOFs description can afford their physicochemical information, few research studies have been conducted to disclose the fate of HOF-based materials in vivo . Their intracorporeal processes after entering the body are still shrouded in mystery, which is critically important for fabricating HOF materials with long-term biosafety.…”

A two-dimensional luminescent HOF containing an interpenetrating network structure with dual function: highly sensitive detection of methotrexate and multi-level information encryption

“…Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are a type of porous crystalline solid composed of organic or metal-organic building blocks that are linked together by weak hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and van der Waals force interactions. 1 HOFs have been widely used in chemical sensing, 2,3 anti-counterfeiting, 4 bioimaging, 5 gas storage and separation, [6][7][8] catalysis, 9 proton conduction, [10][11][12] etc. Hydrogen bonds are weak and reversible in comparison to covalent and coordination bonds.…”