NIRS Mediated CBF Assessment: Validating the Indocyanine Green Bolus Transit Detection by Comparison with Coloured Microsphere Flowmetry

The Quantitative Associations Between Near Infrared Spectroscopic Cerebrovascular Metrics and Cerebral Blood Flow: A Scoping Review of the Human and Animal Literature

“…DCE-NIRS was the next most commonly used modality with its relationship to CBF examined in 12 studies (Kuebler et al, 1998;Roberts et al, 1998;Brown et al, 2001Brown et al, , 2002De Visscher et al, 2003;Keller et al, 2003;Rothoerl et al, 2003;Schytz et al, 2009;Elliott et al, 2010Elliott et al, , 2014Saito et al, 2018;Milej et al, 2020). Of note, while most DCE-NIRS studies utilized continuous-wave technology (Kuebler et al, 1998;Roberts et al, 1998;Brown et al, 2001Brown et al, , 2002De Visscher et al, 2003;Keller et al, 2003;Rothoerl et al, 2003;Schytz et al, 2009;Saito et al, 2018), two studies examined contrast signals utilizing timeresolved optical analysis (Elliott et al, 2014;Milej et al, 2020). DCS was utilized to measure CBF in seven studies (Zhou et al, 2009;Carp et al, 2010;Durduran et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2010;Shang et al, 2011;Baker et al, 2019;Giovannella et al, 2020), however five of these studies combined DCS with either FR-NIRS (Carp et al, 2010), CW-NIRS (Zhou et al, 2009;Durduran et al, 2010), or TR-NIRS (Baker et al, 2019;Giovannella et al, 2020) into a hybrid device for the purposes of improving the estimation of CBF.…”

“…• Trend for CBF DCS to underestimate CBF, especially at higher levels 2000; Brown et al, 2001Brown et al, , 2002Kurth et al, 2002;Ricci et al, 2006;Naulaers et al, 2007;Themelis et al, 2007;Zhou et al, 2009;Elliott et al, 2010Elliott et al, , 2014Alosh et al, 2016;Giovannella et al, 2020). Rodent models were relatively uncommon and were found in only five studies (De Visscher et al, 2003;Pryds et al, 2005;Carp et al, 2010;Shang et al, 2011;Hashem et al, 2022). Only one study was conducted in a canine model (Newton et al, 1997).…”

“…There was a wide variety of methods utilized to determine CBF. The majority of animal studies used microsphere (MS) techniques with 7 using radiolabeled MS (Newton et al, 1997;Goddard-Finegold et al, 1998;Kuebler et al, 1998;Roberts et al, 1998;Pellicer et al, 1999;Soul et al, 2000;Ricci et al, 2006), 3 using colored MS (De Visscher et al, 2003;Naulaers et al, 2007;Alosh et al, 2016), and one study using florescent MS (Zhou et al, 2009). This methodology requires sacrifice of the subject and were therefore limited to animal studies.…”

“…Distinct from other modalities, DCE-NIRS requires the use of an exogenous contrast agent and application of the Fick principle (Gomez et al, 2021c). In all of the articles that leveraged this modality, indocyanine green (ICG) was utilized as the contrast agent (Kuebler et al, 1998;Roberts et al, 1998;Brown et al, 2001Brown et al, , 2002De Visscher et al, 2003;Keller et al, 2003;Rothoerl et al, 2003;Schytz et al, 2009;Elliott et al, 2010Elliott et al, , 2014Saito et al, 2018;Milej et al, 2020). These studies are summarized in Table 2.…”

“…Most of these studies found a significant positive Pearson correlation between CBF derived from DCE-NIRS (CBF DCE-NIRS ) and that determined utilizing a "widely accepted" method (Kuebler et al, 1998;Roberts et al, 1998;Brown et al, 2001Brown et al, , 2002De Visscher et al, 2003;Elliott et al, 2010Elliott et al, , 2014Saito et al, 2018;Milej et al, 2020). In this group CBF DCE-NIRS was correlated with absolute values of CBF (R = 0.6466 to 0.99; Kuebler et al, 1998;Roberts et al, 1998;Brown et al, 2001Brown et al, , 2002De Visscher et al, 2003;Elliott et al, 2010Elliott et al, , 2014Milej et al, 2020), with the exception of one study which found a correlation between hemispheric ratios of CBF when measured by PET and DCE-NIRS (R = 0.618; p = 0.0004; Saito et al, 2018).…”