Abstract:A very extensive literature review presents the possibilities and needs of using, in endodontics, the alloys commonly known as nitinol. Nitinol, as the most modern group of engineering materials used to develop root canals, is equilibrium nickel and titanium alloys in terms of the elements’ atomic concentration, or very similar. The main audience of this paper is engineers, tool designers and manufacturers, PhD students, and students of materials and manufacturing engineering but this article can also certainl… Show more
“…Endodontic therapy entails removing contaminated tissue from a tooth’s root canal system, contouring and disinfecting the canals, and refilling the canals with the appropriate ingredients. In endodontics, using rotary files ( Figure 16 ) made of nickel-titanium (NiTi) has revolutionized root canal treatment ( Dobrzański et al., 2022 ). Figure 16 Endodontic application of Rotary file ( Philip et al., 2017 ).…”
Section: Applications Of Ti and Ti Alloys In Dentistrymentioning
“…Endodontic therapy entails removing contaminated tissue from a tooth’s root canal system, contouring and disinfecting the canals, and refilling the canals with the appropriate ingredients. In endodontics, using rotary files ( Figure 16 ) made of nickel-titanium (NiTi) has revolutionized root canal treatment ( Dobrzański et al., 2022 ). Figure 16 Endodontic application of Rotary file ( Philip et al., 2017 ).…”
Section: Applications Of Ti and Ti Alloys In Dentistrymentioning
“…Experimental evidence does not support the use of these gels, as they not only do not reduce the friction between the instrument and the dentinal canal, but in some cases even increase it [13]. Aqueous solutions (or even distilled water) are much more useful, as they wash the dentinal detritus from the grooves of the instruments more efficiently [9,13]. The use of NaOCl solution during instrumentation is standard because in addition to acting on bacteria and dissolving tissue debris, it is also very effective as a lubricant.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…However, beneath this thin layer of titanium oxide (which also contains small amounts of nickel) is a nickel-rich sublayer that is responsible for corrosion [11]. It is believed that this surface oxide film of titanium oxide increases the stability of the surface layers of the alloy, protects against corrosion and ensures the stability of the material itself [13]. According to the results of research by Stokes and associates who examined the corrosive effect of new, unused Ni-Ti instruments from five different manufacturers, it was confirmed that the occurrence of corrosion on new instruments is influenced by the instrument production process, ie the quality of control of the manufacturing process [14].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experimental evidence does not support the use of these gels, as they not only do not reduce the friction between the instrument and the dentinal canal, but in some cases even increase it [13]. Aqueous solutions (or even distilled water) are much more useful, as they wash the dentinal detritus from the grooves of the instruments more efficiently [9,13].…”
Introduction/Objective. of this study is to use SEM analysis to examine
surfaces of new and same sets of Ni-Ti instruments after canal preparations,
to check their susceptibility to corrosion. Methods. In this study, we used
five different endodontic Ni-Ti instruments: K3, Mtwo, ProTaper Universal,
HyFlex and BioRaCe. Instruments were analyzed before and after preparation
of canals of different curvature, using SEM (150-2000X). Results. Corrosion
of the working part was observed in 5.5% of new Ni-Ti instruments of the K3
system (apical and middle segment), in 5.5% of Mtwo instruments (apical
third) and in 11.1% of ProTaper Universal systems (apical and middle third).
Corrosion was not observed on the new instruments of the HyFlex and BioRaCe
kits. After instrumentation, disinfection and sterilization, corrosion was
observed in all sets of K3 and ProTaper Universal systems and in all HyFlex
instruments of the first group. Corrosion was observed in the HyFlex system
in the second group in 16.7% of instruments (apical and middle third) and in
the third 83.3% in the apical and 66.7% in the middle segment. In the Mtwo
set, corrosion was observed in 16.7% of instruments in the first (apical and
middle third), in the second group in 33.3% of instruments in the apical
part and 50% in the middle third, while in the third group, corrosion was
observed in 16.7% of instruments in the middle third of instruments.
Conclusion. Rotary Ni-Ti instruments K3 and ProTaper Universal are
susceptible to corrosion in a very high percentage. Ni-Ti systems with
post-heat treatment of the working part (HyFlex) are somewhat more resistant
to corrosion, while in Ni-Ti systems with electropolished surface (BioRaCe),
corrosion is not observed.
“…Cu-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit remarkable properties, such as super elasticity and shape memory effect, attributed to a diffusionless reversible martensitic transformation [1][2][3]. Due to their affordability and ease of processing, Cu SMAs are utilized in various fields, including medicine, electronics and aerospace [4][5][6][7]. Among these alloys, copper-aluminum-based alloys (Cu-Al) are characterized by their exceptional mechanical properties, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and relatively low cost compared to other SMAs, such as Ni-Ti alloys [4,7].…”
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) represent an exceptional class of smart materials as they are able to recover their shape after mechanical deformation, making them suitable for use in actuators, sensors and smart devices. These unique properties are due to the thermoelastic martensitic transformation that can occur during both thermal and mechanical deformation. Cu-based SMAs, especially those incorporating Al and Ag, are attracting much attention due to their facile production and cost-effectiveness. Among them, Cu-Al-Ag SMAs stand out due to their notably high temperature range for martensitic transformation. In this study, a Cu-based SMA with a new ternary composition of Cu-10Al-7Ag wt.% was prepared by arc melting and the samples cut from this casting alloy were quenched in water. Subsequently, the phase composition and the development of the microstructure were investigated. In addition, the morphology of the martensite was studied using advanced techniques such as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analyzes confirmed the presence of martensitic structures in both samples; mainly 18R (b1′) martensite was present but a small volume fraction of (γ1′) martensite also was noticed in the as-quenched sample. The observation of fine, twinned martensite plates in the SMA alloy with symmetrically occurring basal plane traces between the twin variants underlines the inherent correlation between microstructural symmetry and the properties of the material and provides valuable insights into its behavior. The hardness of the quenched sample was found to be lower than the as-cast counterpart, which can be linked to the solutioning of Ag particles during the heat treatment.
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