Nitrate and ammonium accumulation in bermudagrass in relation to nitrogen fertilization and season

Bergareche, Carmen; Simón, Esther

doi:10.1007/bf02370268

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on these results one could speculate that the NDF fraction of T44 may have been altered in chemical composition during development as noted for ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass when compared with Coastal (Mandebvu et al, 1999). Nitrogen application increased IVTOD, CP, and NO 3 − but decreased HEMI and is in general agreement with the literature (Bergareche and Simon, 1989; Johnson et al, 2001). Positive correlations were also obtained between ADG and canopy IVTOD ( r = 0.90; P = 0.01) and CP ( r = 0.89; P = 0.02).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Animal and Pasture Productivity of ‘Coastal’ and ‘Tifton 44’ Bermudagrass at Three Nitrogen Rates and Associated Soil Nitrogen Status

Burns

Wagger

Fisher³

2009

Agronomy Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.T he productivity of grazing systems in the mid-Atlantic Region has been improved by the incorporation of the perennial warm-season (C 4 ) hybrid bermudagrasses (Gross et al., 1966;McLaren et al., 1983;Burns et al., 1984). Th e long-term productivity of bermudagrass, as measured by dry matter yield, depends on both N fertilization (Burton et al., 1963;Evers, 1985;Th om et al., 1990;Osborne et al., 1999, andJohnson et al., 2001) and defoliation frequency (Clapp et al., 1965;Ethredge et al., 1973). In grazing systems, the high yield potential of bermudagrass can only be realized through effi cient forage utilization. In a recent study on a Piedmont soil in the upper South with high N fertility (347 kg ha -1 ), Burns and Fisher (2008) compared steer daily gain and the productivity of Coastal and T44 bermudagrass at three herbage masses (HM). During the growing season, HM, when cut to the soil surface, was 2.36 Mg ha -1 for the short, 4.08 Mg ha -1 for the medium and 5.25 Mg ha -1 for the tall grazing treatments. Th ey reported least steer average daily gain (0.40 kg) from the short HM (2.36 Mg ha -1 ) and greatest (0.64 kg) from the medium HM (4.08 Mg ha -1 ) treatment. On the other hand, pasture productivity, as measured by eff ective feed units (EFU) or total digestible nutrients per unit area, was greatest (6.39 Mg ha -1 ) for the short HM and declined linearly being least (4.45 Mg ha -1 ) for the tall HM. Th e greatest EFU produced from the short HM refl ects a high degree of pasture utilization but sacrifi ced daily gain. Th eir data indicates that bermudagrass is well used when HM is maintained up to about 4.0 Mg ha -1 .Information for the Piedmont is not available on the response of bermudagrass to a range of N application rates managed at HM favorable to daily animal performance, and for eff ective forage utilization. Further, the movement of inorganic N in the soil profi le when applied generously to bermudagrass pastures has not been well assessed. Th e objectives of this experiment were to: (i) compare the daily animal response and pasture productivity of Coastal and T44 bermudagrasses over a range of N rates, (ii) determine N concentrations of the pasture canopy and of the animals' diet at increased N fertility, and (iii) determine the associated N (total and inorganic) status of the soil profi le aft er 3 yr of applying high rates of elemental N. MATERIALS AND METHODSTh e experiment was initiated in 2000 and conducted for 3 yr at the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service Reedy Creek Road Field Laboratory located in Raleigh, NC. Pastures (0.24 ha) were originally established in 1991 in a randomized complete block design with three pastures each of Coastal and T44 in two replicates. In the summer preceding this experiment the area was uniformly fertilized and the forage removed every 3 to 4 wk as hay. Th e pastures of each cultivar were rando...

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Animal and Pasture Productivity of ‘Coastal’ and ‘Tifton 44’ Bermudagrass at Three Nitrogen Rates and Associated Soil Nitrogen Status

Burns

Wagger

Fisher³

2009

Agronomy Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For bermudagrass and johnsongrass, averaged across harvest dates, NO 3 –N concentration was related to N supply and accumulated linearly with increasing swine effluent and commercial fertilizer application rates in 1995 and 1996 (Table 8). These findings are similar to the results reported in other studies in which N fertilization increased nitrate concentrations in warm‐season grasses (Bergareche and Simon, 1989; Wilman and Wright, 1986). No significant differences in NO 3 –N concentration were obtained between equivalent swine effluent and commercial fertilizer application rates, except for the July harvest in 1996 in which NO 3 –N concentrations in both grasses were significantly lower for swine effluent than commercial fertilizer applications (Table 8).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Nitrogen is the primary element on which waste application rates have been based. Concentrations of NO 3 –N in forages may accumulate and reach toxic levels if animal waste is applied in excess (Bergareche and Simon, 1989). Nitrate toxicity as a result of waste application has been reported, and much attention has been given to the nitrate content of forage crops (Fontenot et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable research has investigated the impact of animal waste such as swine effluent (Burns et al, 1990; Rogers et al, 1996), slurry, and solid manure (Eghball and Power, 1999; Schmidt et al, 1994; Evans et al, 1977) compared with inorganic fertilizer N (Bergareche and Simon, 1989) on forage production. For forage quality, most studies have compared the effects of animal waste with only a single rate of inorganic fertilizer N (Min et al, 2002) or in combination with fertilizer (Schmidt et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Swine Lagoon Effluent Relative to Commercial Fertilizer Applications on Warm‐Season Forage Nutritive Value

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sollenberger et al., 1989;Rusland et al., 1988). Inconsistent results have been reported on the effects of animal Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of waste on forage nutritive value, including CP, fiber concomparable rates of swine lagoon effluent and commercial fertilizer at different harvest dates on dry matter yield and nutritive value of tents, and digestibility. For example, Min et al. (2002) bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) grown on an acid Vaiden silty reported that application of dairy slurry to forage clay (very fine, montmorillonitic, thermic, Vertic Hapludalf) and johngrasses at rates of 410, 690, 830, and 970 kg N ha Ϫ1 songrass (Sorghum halepense L.) grown on an alkaline Okolona silty increased CP concentration compared with the control clay (fine, montmorillonitic, therimic, Typic Chromudert). At each treatment, but ADF and NDF were not affected. In site, a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement another study, Harvey et al. (1996) reported that CP of treatments replicated four times was used. Treatments were multiconcentration of bermudagrass increased only slightly ple effluent irrigations resulting in four N rates from 0 to 665 kg N when N rate from swine effluent application was inha Ϫ1 yr Ϫ1 . In each block, commercial fertilizer (N, P, and K) treatments creased from 456 to 873 kg ha Ϫ1 . Johnson et al. (2001) were applied to additional plots at rates equivalent to swine effluent reported that NDF and ADF concentration of bermurates. Total dry matter yield and crude protein (CP) for bermudagrass and johnsongrass reached a plateau with application of approximately dagrass increased quadratically with increasing N fertil-450 kg N ha Ϫ1 from either swine effluent or commercial fertilizer. ization, but an inverse relationship was observed for Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) peaked grass digestibility. Other researchers reported that inat the low fertilization rate and then declined with increasing effluent creased N fertilization had little to no effect on NDF and commercial fertilizer rates. An inverse relationship was obtained concentrations in timothygrass [Setaria sphacelata (Schufor in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) in response to fertilization rate mach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.] and bermudagrass, respecfor both grasses. Forage dry matter, CP, NDF, and ADF levels peakedtively (Anderson et al., 1993; Rogers et al., 1996). in the July harvest and then declined, but forage IVTD level declined Nitrogen is the primary element on which waste appliin July harvest. Only in July 1996, forage NO 3 -N concentration was cation rates have been based. Concentrations of NO 3 -N lower for swine effluent than commercial fertilizer. Swine effluent in forages may accumulate and reach toxic levels if aniand commercial fertilizer had similar effects on forage dry matter yield and nutritive value.

show abstract

“…Although it grows well in the Mediterranean area, it is sensitive to seasonal climatic variations. The response of yield to N-fertilizer is influenced by a variety of factors including available moisture, soil condition and season (Bergareche and Simon, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in production and nutrient content ofCynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. subjected to water deficits

1995

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seasonal changes in water relations, production and mineral composition were studied in a sward of Cynodon dac~lon (L). Pers. subjected to water deficits during a dry summer, and at recovery in autumn. The experiment was carried out under Mediterranean field conditions. Water deficits during summer reduced total dry matter production by 60%, but in autumn there were no differences between treatments. Compared to well-watered sward, the sward grown under drought showed an increase in potassium, calcium and nitrogen of 55, 10 and 10% respectively. These differences decreased with the arrival of autumn rains. Leaf osmotic potential (~P~) fell during the dry summer to -2.8 MPa in well-watered plants and to -4.2 MPa in stressed plants. In autumn there were no differences between treatments. Nevertheless, relative water content (RWC) only decreased to 0.86 in droughted plants. In summer potassium contributed to the osmotic adjustment. In contrast, under water deficits a decrease of 71% in sodium and, to a lesser but significant extent decreases in phosphorus, magnesium and chlorine was observed. Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur showed low concentrations during summer and increased in autumn.Abbrev&tions: D-droughted plots, W-watered plots; RWC-relative water content, W -L e a f water potential; ~P~ -osmotic potential, D W -d r y weight

show abstract

Nitrate and ammonium accumulation in bermudagrass in relation to nitrogen fertilization and season

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Animal and Pasture Productivity of ‘Coastal’ and ‘Tifton 44’ Bermudagrass at Three Nitrogen Rates and Associated Soil Nitrogen Status

Animal and Pasture Productivity of ‘Coastal’ and ‘Tifton 44’ Bermudagrass at Three Nitrogen Rates and Associated Soil Nitrogen Status

Effects of Swine Lagoon Effluent Relative to Commercial Fertilizer Applications on Warm‐Season Forage Nutritive Value

Seasonal changes in production and nutrient content ofCynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. subjected to water deficits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About