Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching in Variable- and Permanent-Charge Paddy Soils

Xiong, Zhengqin; Huang, Taiqing; Ma, Yuan; Xing, Guangxi; Zhu, Zhaoliang

doi:10.1016/s1002-0160(10)60008-2

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Higher NH 4 + -N leaching has been observed in soil with variable charges and soils with low CEC and a low content of exchangeable base cations (Chen and Zu 2007;Xiong et al 2010). The results of the present study coincided with the findings of Xiong et al (2010) who reported that NH 4 + -N makes up to 92% of the total inorganic N in the leachate. Our results confirmed that NH 4 + -N movement in soil is greatly influenced by irrigation regimes and that the vast potential risk of NH 4 + -N leaching deserves more attention.…”

Section: N Dynamics and Leaching In Paddy Soilsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, the changes in soil chemical and mineralogical properties result in significant variations in the NH 4 + -N adsorption capacity (Liu et al 2007). Higher NH 4 + -N leaching has been observed in soil with variable charges and soils with low CEC and a low content of exchangeable base cations (Chen and Zu 2007;Xiong et al 2010). The results of the present study coincided with the findings of Xiong et al (2010) who reported that NH 4 + -N makes up to 92% of the total inorganic N in the leachate.…”

Section: N Dynamics and Leaching In Paddy Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of 15N-labeled urea and soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by irrigation management and nitrogen application rate in a double rice cropping system

et al. 2010

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A sophisticated soil microcosm system and 15 N-labeled urea were used to investigate nitrogen (N) use efficiency and soil N dynamics in a rice monoculture system in two successive seasons. Topsoil (0 cm-20 cm) and subsoil (20 cm-50 cm) samples were collected from a traditional double rice cropping field in the Jiangxi Province, China, and these soil samples were derived from Quaternary red clay. Treatments were randomly assigned with two irrigation regimes and three N application rates (no application control, 80% traditional rate and 100% traditional rate noted as N0, N1 and N2, respectively). The levels of 15 N recovery of plants, 15 N and N remaining in soil were determined. Moreover, the N dynamic of soil solution from different layers of the soil profile was surveyed. The results showed that the effects of irrigation management and N application rate varied in different rice growing seasons. Irrigation regimes had remarkable effects on grain yield and chemical 15 N fertilizers (CF-15 N) uptake. When compared to flood irrigation (FI), the shallow water depth with wetting and drying (WD) increased grain yield up to 5.7%-20%. Although the highest grain yield was obtained with reduced N application level, both N apparent recovery (NAR) and 15 N use efficiency (the percentage of plant N uptake derived from applied N, % Ndfan) significantly decreased with increasing N inputs. However, the interaction between irrigation management and N application rate on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) of CF-15 N were not significant. A survey of soil solutions every 5 days indicated that NH 4 + -N was the main residual form of N, and high NH 4 + -N leaching was observed. When compared to FI, WD decreased vertical NH 4 + -N and TN leaching, especially at 10-50 cm depths of soil profile in the second season. NH 4 + -N was the main N residual form in the soil profile. Therefore, in this study, the WD irrigation regime and reduced rate (N1) was the optimal irrigation and fertilizer management strategy to increase the NUE of CF-N, increase the after effects of CF-15 N, decrease leaching loss of CF-15 N and minimize the shallow groundwater pollution risk, which were all beneficial for the ecological environment.

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Section: N Dynamics and Leaching In Paddy Soilsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: N Dynamics and Leaching In Paddy Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of 15N-labeled urea and soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by irrigation management and nitrogen application rate in a double rice cropping system

et al. 2010

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“…Another factor that may influence the forms of N that are leached is the type of surface charge of soil colloids. Xiong et al (2010), in an experiment with soil columns, found greater leaching of NH + 4 than of NO − 3 in soils with variable charge, contrary to the results obtained in soils with permanent charge. The soils in our study have mineral composition similar to that of Xiong et al (2010) (hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculites, kaolinites; data not shown) and high organic matter content, therefore with variable charge also prevailing.…”

Section: Ammonium Nitrate and Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Xiong et al (2010), in an experiment with soil columns, found greater leaching of NH + 4 than of NO − 3 in soils with variable charge, contrary to the results obtained in soils with permanent charge. The soils in our study have mineral composition similar to that of Xiong et al (2010) (hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculites, kaolinites; data not shown) and high organic matter content, therefore with variable charge also prevailing. These results can be due to the presence of positive surface charge on some variable-charge compounds when pH value is acid or subacid, then making it difficult for the cations to be adsorbed into the soil, whereas dominate negative charges in soils having a permanent charge are an advantage to cations being retained.…”

Section: Ammonium Nitrate and Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 56%

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium release from two compressed fertilizers: column experiments

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The objective of this work was to study nutrients release from two compressed nitrogen-potassiumphosphorous (NPK) fertilizers. In the Lourizán Forest Center, tablet-type controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) were prepared by compressing various mixtures of fertilizers without covers or binders. We used soil columns (50 cm long and 7.3 cm inner diameter) that were filled with soil from the surface layer (0-20 cm) of an A horizon corresponding to a Cambic Umbrisol. Tablets of two slow-release NPK fertilizers (11-18-11 or 8-8-16) were placed into the soil (within the first 3 cm), and then water was percolated through the columns in a saturated regime for 80 days. Percolates were analyzed for N, P, K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . These elements were also determined in soil and fertilizer tablets at the end of the trials. Nutrient concentrations were high in the first leachates and reached a steady state when 1426 mm of water had been percolated, which is equivalent to approximately 1.5 years of rainfall in this geographic area. In the whole trial, both tablets lost more than 80 % of their initial N, P and K contents. However, K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were the most leached, whereas N and P were lost in leachates to a lesser extent. Nutrient release was slower from the tablet with a composition of 8-8-16 than from the 11-18-11 fertilizer. In view of that, the 8-8-16 tablet can be considered more adequate for crops with a nutrient demand sustained over time. At the end of the trial, the effects of these fertilizers on soil chemical parameters were still evident, with a significant increase of pH, available Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , P and effective cation exchange capacity (eCEC) in the fertilized columns, as well as a significant decrease in exchangeable Al 3+ , reaching values < 0.08 cmol (+) kg −1 .

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“…At the 50 cm depth in the sandy loam soil that we studied, in organic treatments, the presence of the oxidized zone close to the reduced soil zone was conductive for the transformation of NH 4 -N mineralized from organic manure to NO 3 -N. However, the continuous anaerobic conditions (under flood irrigation, until 1 week before harvest) at the 180 cm depth maintained NH 4 -N as the main form of inorganic N, more so than NO 3 -N. Particularly, in continuously flooded paddy soils with abundant organic substrate and a limited availability of electron acceptors, the reduction of NO 3 -N to NH 4 -N would be more efficient than the formation of N 2 , so NH 4 -N concentrations can be an order of magnitude higher than those of NO 3 -N [21], [22], [23], [24]. This situation also occurs in soils with low CEC and a low content of exchangeable base cations [19], [25], [26], [27]. From the depth of 50 cm to 180 cm, average NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N concentrations decreased by about 5–10% and 47–70%, respectively, in fertilized organic treatments (B1A1, B2A1 and B3A1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Nitrogen Leaching from Organic and Conventional Rice Production on a Newly Claimed Calciustoll in Central Asia

et al. 2014

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Characterizing the dynamics of nitrogen (N) leaching from organic and conventional paddy fields is necessary to optimize fertilization and to evaluate the impact of these contrasting farming systems on water bodies. We assessed N leaching in organic versus conventional rice production systems of the Ili River Valley, a representative aquatic ecosystem of Central Asia. The N leaching and overall performance of these systems were measured during 2009, using a randomized block experiment with five treatments. PVC pipes were installed at soil depths of 50 and 180 cm to collect percolation water from flooded organic and conventional paddies, and inorganic N (NH4-N+NO3-N) was analyzed. Two high-concentration peaks of NH4-N were observed in all treatments: one during early tillering and a second during flowering. A third peak at the mid-tillering stage was observed only under conventional fertilization. NO3-N concentrations were highest at transplant and then declined until harvest. At the 50 cm soil depth, NO3-N concentration was 21–42% higher than NH4-N in percolation water from organic paddies, while NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations were similar for the conventional and control treatments. At the depth of 180 cm, NH4-N and NO3-N were the predominant inorganic N for organic and conventional paddies, respectively. Inorganic N concentrations decreased with soil depth, but this attenuation was more marked in organic than in conventional paddies. Conventional paddies leached a higher percentage of applied N (0.78%) than did organic treatments (0.32–0.60%), but the two farming systems leached a similar amount of inorganic N per unit yield (0.21–0.34 kg N Mg−1 rice grains). Conventional production showed higher N utilization efficiency compared to fertilized organic treatments. These results suggest that organic rice production in the Ili River Valley is unlikely to reduce inorganic N leaching, if high crop yields similar to conventional rice production are to be maintained.

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Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching in Variable- and Permanent-Charge Paddy Soils

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

Recovery of 15N-labeled urea and soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by irrigation management and nitrogen application rate in a double rice cropping system

Recovery of 15N-labeled urea and soil nitrogen dynamics as affected by irrigation management and nitrogen application rate in a double rice cropping system

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium release from two compressed fertilizers: column experiments

Inorganic Nitrogen Leaching from Organic and Conventional Rice Production on a Newly Claimed Calciustoll in Central Asia

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