Nitrate and Exchangeable Ammonium Nitrogen

Maynard, D. G.; Kalra, Y. P.

doi:10.1201/9781420005271.ch6

Cited by 129 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…, Kalra et al. ). Extracts were analyzed for nitrate (μg NO 3 − ·g resin −1 ·d −1 ) and ammonium (μg NH 4 + ·g resin −1 ·d −1 ) on a flow injection analyzer (Flow Solution 3100; OI Analytical, College Station, Texas, USA) and ammonium and nitrate were summed to get inorganic [N] (μg inorganic N·g resin −1 ·d −1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each of the first 5 yr of the field study, we measured whether midge additions altered inorganic soil N. In late May/early June of each year, just prior to midge additions, we constructed 10-g ion exchange resin bags (Rexyn I-300 pellet; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA, tightly wrapped into a ball with a piece of nylon stocking hose), and buried them 3-5 cm deep in the middle of each plot. Resin bags were retrieved in August of each year and frozen until laboratory N extractions were performed following standard methods (Binkley et al 1986, Kalra et al 2007). Extracts were analyzed for nitrate (lg NO 3 À Ág resin À1 Ád À1 ) and ammonium (lg NH 4 + Ág resin À1 Ád À1 ) on a flow injection analyzer (Flow Solution 3100; OI Analytical, College Station, Texas, USA) and ammonium and nitrate were summed to get inorganic [N] (lg inorganic NÁg resin À1 Ád À1 ).…”

Section: Soil Nitrogen Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased duration of aquatic resource pulse alters community and ecosystem responses in a subarctic plant community

Gratton

Hoekman

Dreyer

et al. 2017

Ecology

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Allochthonous resource movement across ecosystem boundaries creates episodic linkages between ecosystems. The sensitivity of the community to external resources of varying duration can alter the baseline upon which future pulses of allochthony can act. We explored the terrestrial ecosystem response to pulsed inputs of lake-derived resources with a manipulative experiment in a subarctic heathland where we assessed plant community and nutrient availability responses to additions of midge carcasses (Diptera: Chironomidae). Insect carcasses were added as either a one-time pulse or a 4-yr press to simulate differing durations of allochthony, which is common in the area. We found that midge pulses significantly elevated soil inorganic [N] in the first year (7× over background levels) but were significantly diminished (1.5×) by the second year after the initial pulse. The press treatment continued to elevate total soil inorganic [N] to 13× over background levels by the fourth year of midge additions, but then declined to 3.6× background in year 5 when experimental midge additions had ceased. In contrast to the soil inorganic N response, plant biomass was similar in pulse-addition and control plots over the course of the experiment. However, by the second year of the study plant biomass in press-addition plots were significantly higher than controls (>50%), and continued to increase over the 4 yr of the press treatment. Midge addition stimulated dominance of graminoids and thatch litter in plots that had previously been primarily heathland vegetation, a response that persisted 4 yr post-midge addition. Our findings suggest that soil and plant community responses to persistent insect carcass deposition (e.g., press) into heathland vegetation has the potential to carry forward in a way that modifies the baseline ecosystem conditions upon which additional allochthony may act.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Nitrogen Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased duration of aquatic resource pulse alters community and ecosystem responses in a subarctic plant community

Gratton

Hoekman

Dreyer

et al. 2017

Ecology

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“…Soil bulk density (cylinder method) and water content (weight loss at 105ºC for 24 h) were measured as per Hao et al (2008), and soil pH was measured in a 1:1 soil:water slurry with a pH meter (Accumet AR20, Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA). Soil residual mineral N concentration was determined on a fresh soil subsample by KCl (1M) extraction and colorimetric analysis (Maynard et al, 2008). Soil texture was considered as a permanent soil characteristic and was measured in 2008 only with the sieve-pipette method (Kroetsch and Wang, 2008).…”

Section: Multivariate Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop response to soil management practices is driven by interactions among practices, crop species and soil type

Samson

Menasseri‐Aubry

Chantigny

et al. 2019

Field Crops Research

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“…To measure whether the predicted midge deposition has a relationship with soil N availability, in May 2008 we buried 10-g ion exchange resin (Rexyn I-300, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) bags 8 cm deep at 19 of the infall cup stations and an additional eight sites 20 m from shore. Bags were retrieved in August 2008 and frozen until laboratory N extractions were performed following standard methods (Binkley et al 1986, Kalra et al 2007, and samples were run using a flow injection analyzer (Flow Solution 3100, OI Analytical, College Station, Texas, USA). To examine the relationship between midge deposition and available nitrogen in the soil, we fit a least squares regression of extracted nitrate (lg NO 3 À Á[g resin] À1 Ád À1 ) from the resin bags as a function of our local-maximum modeled deposition (log-transformed).…”

Section: Relative Soil N Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying aquatic insect deposition from lake to land

Dreyer

Townsend

Hook

et al. 2015

Ecology

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Adjacent ecosystems are influenced by organisms that move across boundaries, such as insects with aquatic larval stages and terrestrial adult stages, which transport energy and nutrients from water to land. However, the ecosystem-level effect of aquatic insects on land has generally been ignored, perhaps because the organisms themselves are individually small. At the naturally productive Lake Mývatn, Iceland, we used two readily measured quantities: total insect emergence from water and relative insect density on land, to demonstrate an approach for estimating aquatic insect deposition (e.g., kg N x m(-2) x yr(-1)) to shore. Estimates from emergence traps between 2008 and 20.11 indicated a range of 0.15-3.7 g x m(-2) x yr(-1), or a whole-lake emergence of 3.1-76 Mg/yr; all masses are given as dry mass. Using aerial infall trap measurements of midge relative abundance over land, we developed a local-maximum decay function model to predict proportional midge deposition with distance from the lake. The dispersal model predicted midge abundance with R2 = 0.89, a pattern consistent among years, with peak midge deposition occurring 20-25 m inland and 70% of midges deposited within 100 m of shore. During a high-midge year (2008), we estimate midge deposition within the first 50 m of shoreline to be 100 kg xha(-1) x yr(-1), corresponding to inputs of 10 kg N x ha(-1) x yr(-1) and 1 kg P x ha(-1) x yr(-1), or about three to five times above background terrestrial N deposition rates. Consistent with elevated N input where midges are most dense, we observed that soil available nitrate in resin bags decreases with increasing distance from the lake. Our approach, generalizable to other systems, shows that aquatic insects can be a major source of nutrients to terrestrial ecosystems and have the capacity to significantly affect ecosystem processes.

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Nitrate and Exchangeable Ammonium Nitrogen

Cited by 129 publications

References 7 publications

Increased duration of aquatic resource pulse alters community and ecosystem responses in a subarctic plant community

Increased duration of aquatic resource pulse alters community and ecosystem responses in a subarctic plant community

Crop response to soil management practices is driven by interactions among practices, crop species and soil type

Quantifying aquatic insect deposition from lake to land

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