Nitrate Leaching in a Udic Haploboroll as Influenced by Fertilization and Legumes

Campbell, Carol; Lafond, G. P.; Zentner, R. P.; Jame, Y. W.

doi:10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300010030x

Cited by 80 publications

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“…Although N yield in the LGM system was greater than in the F-W-W system, the build-up of N supplying capacity by the legume has been so great that there now appears to be excess NO 3 -N poised in the lower part of the rooting zone (90-to 120-cm depth) where it can be easily leached (Table 7). These results are similar to those reported for a similar rotation at Indian Head where considerable excess NO 3 was leached into the subsoil in wet years (Campbell et al 1994). These results suggest that in systems such as these we may need to consider basing fertilizer N requirements on NO 3 -N located in the 0-to 120-cm depth rather than just the 0-to 60-cm depth.…”

Section: Nitrogen In Grain Straw and Aboveground Biomasssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Further, we hypothesize that, although wheat in the two rotations is fertilized based on soil tests (NO 3 -N in the 0-to 60-cm depth), the likely gradual increase of the N-supplying capacity of the soil under the LGM (Campbell et al 1991) will be reflected in a gradual increase in grain protein content of wheat in LGM system compared to wheat in the F-W-W system. Third, the buildup in N-supplying capacity of the soil under the LGM may eventually result in leaching of excess NO 3 during wet years as observed in a long-term crop rotation experiment in a Black Chernozem at Indian Head, Saskatchewan (Campbell et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Long-term assessment of management of an annual legume green manure crop for fallow replacement in the Brown soil zone

Zentner¹,

Campbell²,

Biederbeck³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Long-term assessment of management of an annual legume green manure crop for fallow replacement in the Brown soil zone. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 11-22. In the Brown soil zone of western Canada summerfallowing (F) is traditionally used to reduce the water deficit associated with cereal production, but frequent use of this practice results in soil degradation and reduces the N-supplying capacity of soils. Some scientists suggest that an annual legume green manure crop (LGM) could be used as a partial-fallow replacement to protect the soil against erosion and increase its N fertility, particularly when combined with a snow-trapping technique to replenish soil water used by the legume. We assessed this possibility by comparing yields, N economy, water use efficiency, and economic returns for hard red spring wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in rotation with Indianhead black lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) green manure (i.e., LGM-W-W) vs. that obtained in a traditional F-W-W system. Further, we assessed whether a change in management of the LGM crop (i.e., moving to earlier seeding and earlier turn-down) was advantageous to the overall performance of this practice. The study was conducted over 12 yr (1988-99) on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Wheat stubble was left tall to trap snow, tillage was kept to a minimum, and the wheat was fertilized based on NO 3 soil tests. When we examined results after 6 yr, we concluded that by waiting until full bloom to turn down the legume (usually late July or early August) so as to maximize N 2 fixation, soil water was being depleted to the detriment of yields of the following wheat crop. The change in management of the LGM crop since 1993 resulted in wheat yields following LGM equaling those after fallow (due to improved water use efficiency), a gradual and significant increase over time in grain protein and in N yield of aboveground plant biomass of wheat in the LGM-W-W compared to the F-W-W system, plus a gradual decrease in fertilizer N requirements of wheat in the LGM system accompanying an improvement in the N supplying power of the soil. These savings in N fertilizer, together with savings in tillage and herbicide costs for weed control on partial-fallow vs. conventional-fallow areas, and higher revenues from the enhanced grain protein, more than offset the added costs for seed and management of the LGM crop. Thus, our results imply that, if producers seed the LGM in April and turn it down in early July, an annual LGM-cereal rotation is a viable option in the semiarid Canadian prairies; however, one negative consequence of adopting this management strategy is the possibility of enhancing NO 3 leaching.Key words: Nitrogen yields, grain protein, green fallow, summerfallow substitute, economic returns, NO 3 leaching Zentner, R. P., Campbell, C. A., Biederbeck, V. O., Selles, F., Lemke, R., Jefferson, P. G. et Gan, Y. 2004. Évaluation à long terme d'un engrais vert annuel de légumineuses en remplacement de la jachère dans la zone des ...

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Section: Nitrogen In Grain Straw and Aboveground Biomasssupporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term assessment of management of an annual legume green manure crop for fallow replacement in the Brown soil zone

Zentner¹,

Campbell²,

Biederbeck³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

Self Cite

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“…We speculate that the mineralization of beef manure N in the soil column was greater than it would have been in the presence of plants due to more favorable moisture conditions in the absence of plants. Greater nitrate accumulation due to greater mineralization of soil N has been reported for soil in fallow compared with one that is cropped, even when crop uptake of N is accounted for (Campbell et al 1994). …”

Section: N Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen mineralization in beef- and pig-manure-amended soils measured using anion resin method

IgeD.¹,

SayemS.

AkinremiO.

2015

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Ige, D. V., Sayem, S. M. and Akinremi, O. O. 2015. Nitrogen mineralization in beef-and pig-manure-amended soils measured using anion resin method. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 305Á319. A major challenge facing the widespread use of manure is the uncertainty about its fertilizer equivalence. This study was carried out to determine the fertilizer equivalence of locally available manures in two soils in Manitoba. A randomized complete block design was adopted with six treatments [nitrogen fertilizer, a liquid swine manure (LSM), three solid beef manures (SBM) and a control] and four replicates. Each treatment was applied to a cylindrical soil column installed at the site at the rate of 100 kg ha(1 of ''available N'', and leached NO 3 -N was captured by resin bags at the bottom of the cylinder. The soils and resin bags removed from the cylinders were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, and 18 wk following treatment application. Ammonium nitrogen in the amendments was nitrified within the first 2 to 3 wk with significant build-up of NO 3 -N in the soil above the control (PB0.05). The greatest available N was in the fertilizer treatment, followed by the LSM and the smallest was in the SBM. The available N in the three SBM was statistically similar (P0.05). Approximately 50% of the inorganic N in LSM was available during the growing season, while 68 to 100% of SBM inorganic N was available. Between 4 and 25% of the organic N in the three SBM was mineralized during the growing season. High soil moisture hindered N mineralization and enhanced N loss in the clay soil. LSM has the greatest fertilizer equivalence, with a mean of 65 to 68%, of the four manure types used. The fertilizer equivalence of the three SBM ranged between 42 and 59% and was influenced by the manure C:N ratio and the soil environmental conditions. Our study suggests the need to revise the assumptions regarding manure N availability by considering soil environmental factors in the estimation of available N. L'azote ammoniacal des amendements se nitrifie au cours des deux ou trois premie`res semaines et on observe une importante accumulation de N-NO 3 dans le sol au-dessus du traitement te´moin (P B0,05). La plus grande quantite´de N disponible a e´te´releve´e avec l'usage d'engrais, puis de lisier de porc, la plus faible de´coulant de l'application du fumier de bovins. La quantite´de N disponible dans les trois types de fumier de bovins e´tait statistiquement similaire (P 0,05). Environ 50 % du N inorganique pre´sent dans le lisier de porc peuvent eˆtre utilise´s durant la pe´riode ve´ge´tative, contre 68 a`100 % de celui pre´sent dans le fumier de bovins. Quatre a`25 % du N organique pre´sent dans les trois fumiers de bovins sont mine´ralise´s pendant la pe´riode de croissance. Une forte teneur en eau dans le sol nuit a`la mine´ralisation du N et favorise la perte de N dans le sol argileux. Le lisier de porc se rapproche le plus des engrais, avec une e´quivalence moyenne de 65 a`68 % pour les quatre types de fumier teste´s. L'e´quivalence des trois types de ...

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“…The alfalfa may have been able to use the moisture below the rooting zones of the previous annual crops (Campbell et al 1994;Jefferson and Cutforth 1997). The soil texture and water-holding capacity were also different at each site, and may have affected alfalfa.…”

Section: Grasses Were Altai Wildrye (Awr) Intermediate Wheatgrass (Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and sustainability of four grazed grass – alfalfa mixtures

Holt¹,

Jefferson²

1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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] Nevski), with grass rows seeded perpendicular to the alfalfa rows. Two sites, 4 km apart, were grazed with yearling beef cattle from 1987 to 1993. Forage yield differed among grass treatments in 4 of 5 years, but differences were inconsistent over time. Five-year mean forage yields and total livestock production were not significantly different among the four grasses. Mean annual forage yields ranged from 800 to 8170 kg ha -1 and were related to the amount of growing season (April-August) precipitation. Carrying capacity ranged from 35 steer grazing days per hectare in 1992 to 176 in 1991. Grasses in the mixtures did have a significant effect on the grass-alfalfa ratio and on ground cover. Alfalfa content was highest when grown with Altai wildrye and lowest when grown with Russian wildrye. Percentage of ground cover by the grass plus alfalfa increased from an average of 3.8% in 1987 to 16.1% at one site and 31.9% at the second site by 1993. Russian wildrye contained the least alfalfa and weeds after 7 yr. Intermediate wheatgrass and Altai wildrye did not compete with invading weeds at one site, or with alfalfa at the other, and should not be recommended for spring-summer pastures in semiarid regions. Meadow bromegrass maintained a balance of grass and alfalfa and further research should confirm its persistence in semiarid climates.

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Nitrate Leaching in a Udic Haploboroll as Influenced by Fertilization and Legumes

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term assessment of management of an annual legume green manure crop for fallow replacement in the Brown soil zone

Long-term assessment of management of an annual legume green manure crop for fallow replacement in the Brown soil zone

Nitrogen mineralization in beef- and pig-manure-amended soils measured using anion resin method

Productivity and sustainability of four grazed grass – alfalfa mixtures

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