Nitrate leaching under irrigation in the United States—a review

Ritter, William F.

doi:10.1080/10934528909375486

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In previous researches, irrigation times were regarded as important factors affecting the solute leaching efficiency [6,28]. However, issues about solute transport in intermittent irrigation conditions were controversial.…”

Section: Optimal Irrigation Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the data from IFA, the annual global nitrogen (N) fertilizer consumption was 102.3 million tons while China accounted for more than 32% by the end of 2009 [5]. Excessive and improper application of nitrogenous fertilizers could lead to an increase in nitrate concentration in waters and one of the most common contaminants found in groundwater worldwide is nitrate (NO 3 --N), an oxidized form of dissolved nitrogen which may cause methemoglobinemia, or blue baby syndrome [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport

Zeng

et al. 2015

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:Intermittent irrigation has attracted much attention as a water-saving technology in arid and semi-arid regions. For understanding the effect of intermittent irrigation on water and solute storage varied from irrigation amount per time (IRA), irrigation application frequency (IRAF), irrigation intervals (IRI) and even soil texture (ST), intermittent irrigation experiment was carried out in 33 micro-plots in Inner Mongolia, China. The experiment results were used for the calibration and validation of HYDRUS-1D software. Then 3 ST (silty clay loam, silty loam, and silty clay), 5 IRA (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm), 4 IRAF (2, 3, 4, and 5 times) and 4 IRI (1, 2, 3, and 4 days) were combined and total 240 scenarios were simulated by HYDRUS-1D. Analysis of variance (ANVOA) of simulated results indicated that ST, IRA, and IRAF had significant effect on salt and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N) storage of 0-40 cm depth soil in intermittent irrigation while only ST affected soil water storage obviously. Furthermore, salt leaching percentage (SLP) and water use efficiency (WUE) of 0-40 cm depth were calculated and statistical prediction models for SLP were established based on the ANOVA using multiple regression analysis in each soil texture. Then constraint conditions of soil water storage (around field capacity), salt storage (smaller than 168 mg·cm -2 ), WUE (as large as possible) in 0-40 cm depth and total irrigation water amount (less than 25 cm) were proposed to find out the optimal intermittent irrigation strategies. Before sowing, the optimal irrigation strategy for silty clay loam soil was 6 cm IRA, 3 times IRAF, and 2 days IRI respectively. For silty loam and silty clay soils, IRA, IRAF, and IRI were 8 cm, 3 times, and 2 days respectively.

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Section: Optimal Irrigation Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport

Zeng

et al. 2015

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…The leaching of nitrogen from farmland has become an important environmental issue because high nitrate concentrations in the groundwater can cause methemoglobinemia, or blue baby syndrome (Ritter, 1989). In rural area of China, most residents usually drink untreated groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, the area under irrigation has increased from 44.89 Â 10 6 ha in 1980 to 53.82 Â 10 6 ha in 2000 (Rural Statistical Yearbook of China, 2001). Nitrate leaching in irrigated agriculture is assumed to be an inevitable result of the relatively high N fertilizer rates applied and the need to periodically leach salts from surface soil horizons (Ottman et al, 2000;Ritter, 1989). For annual crops, the N uptake efficiency is <50%, even when following good management practices (Ju and Zhang, 2003;Gillian et al, 1985) and about 30-50% of applied N fertilizer is leached into groundwater (Zhang, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil N and salinity leaching after the autumn irrigation and its impact on groundwater in Hetao Irrigation District, China

Feng

Wang

Zhu

2005

Agricultural Water Management

147

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Soil water and salinity are crucial factors influencing crop production in arid regions. An autumn irrigation system employing the application of a large volume of water (2200-2600 m 3 ha À1 ) is being developed in the Hetao Irrigation District of China, since the 1980s with the goal to reduce salinity levels in the root zone and increase the water availability for the following spring crops. However, the autumn irrigation can cause significant quantities of NO 3 À to leach from the plant root zone into the groundwater. In this study, we investigated the changes in soil water content, NO 3 -N and salinity within a 150 cm deep soil profile in four different types of farmlands: spring wheat (F W ), maize (F M ), spring wheat-maize inter-planting (F W-M ) and sunflower (F S ). Our results showed that (1) salt losses mainly occurred in the upper 60 cm of the soil and in the upper 40 cm for NO 3 -N; (2) the highest losses of salt and NO 3 -N could be observed in F W , whereas the lowest losses were found in F W-M .NO 3 -N concentration, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in the groundwater were also monitored before and after the autumn irrigation. We found that the autumn irrigation caused the groundwater concentration of NO 3 -N to increase from 1.73 to 21.6 mg L of inter-planting tillage might be a viable measure to reduce groundwater pollution, and that the application of optimized minimum amounts of water and nitrogen to meet realistic yield goals, as well as the timely application of N fertilizers and the use of slow release fertilizers can be viable measures to minimize nitrate leaching. #

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“…Drip irrigation also cannot completely eliminate the deep percolation and leaching of N beyond the root zone [24,25]. Proper irrigation schedules and reducing the N rates could keep the leaching losses to a minimum [26]. For example, high irrigation frequency could reduce NO3 − leaching and N rates had a significant effect on NO3 − leaching under drip irrigation [5,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen and Irrigation Application on Water Movement and Nitrogen Transport for a Wheat Crop under Drip Irrigation in the North China Plain

Sui

Wang

Gong

et al. 2015

Water

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For improving water scarcity and groundwater pollution from agriculture, two-year experiments (2011)(2012)(2013) with three water levels (0.3, 0.5 and 0.8 evaporation (E) in 20-cm-diameter pans) and four nitrogen (N) levels (120, 140 and 190 kg·ha in 2013) were conducted to study effects of water and N availability on water movement and N transport for a wheat crop under drip irrigation in the North China Plain. The results indicated that under drip irrigation, deep percolation at 1-m depth was stable at 0.5-0.8 E with the same N rate for winter wheat. At 0.5-0.8 E, deep percolation was also relatively stable with increasing N rate from 120 to 140 kg·ha . The irrigation schedule and N rates only affected N leaching below the root zone of winter wheat (60-cm depth), while the N residual in the soil layer presented more risk to the environment than N leaching. In general, the 290-kg-ha −1 N level was not recommended using drip fertigation for winter wheat in the North China Plain. The empirical equation given by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources was also not recommended for estimating the drainage under drip irrigation. OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 6652

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Nitrate leaching under irrigation in the United States—a review

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport

Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport

Soil N and salinity leaching after the autumn irrigation and its impact on groundwater in Hetao Irrigation District, China

Effect of Nitrogen and Irrigation Application on Water Movement and Nitrogen Transport for a Wheat Crop under Drip Irrigation in the North China Plain

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