Nitrate signaling and early responses in Arabidopsis roots

Undurraga, Soledad; Ibarra-Henríquez, Catalina; Fredes, Isabel; Álvarez, José M.; Gutiérrez, Rodrigo A.

doi:10.1093/jxb/erx041

Cited by 78 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Regulatory aspects of N assimilation and inorganic N transport, as well as the sensing and signaling mechanisms involved, have been discussed in some excellent recent reviews (Gent & Forde, ; Hachiya & Sakakibara, ; Jacquot et al ., ; Undurraga et al ., ). Here, only a few major points are addressed.…”

Section: Regulation Of Nitrogen Transportmentioning

confidence: 97%

Source and sink mechanisms of nitrogen transport and use

2017

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Contents Summary35I.Introduction35II.Nitrogen acquisition and assimilation36III.Root‐to‐shoot transport of nitrogen38IV.Nitrogen storage pools in vegetative tissues39V.Nitrogen transport from source leaf to sink40VI.Nitrogen import into sinks42VII.Relationship between source and sink nitrogen transport processes and metabolism43VIII.Regulation of nitrogen transport43IX.Strategies for crop improvement44X.Conclusions46Acknowledgements47References47 Summary Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. World‐wide, large quantities of nitrogenous fertilizer are applied to ensure maximum crop productivity. However, nitrogen fertilizer application is expensive and negatively affects the environment, and subsequently human health. A strategy to address this problem is the development of crops that are efficient in acquiring and using nitrogen and that can achieve high seed yields with reduced nitrogen input. This review integrates the current knowledge regarding inorganic and organic nitrogen management at the whole‐plant level, spanning from nitrogen uptake to remobilization and utilization in source and sink organs. Plant partitioning and transient storage of inorganic and organic nitrogen forms are evaluated, as is how they affect nitrogen availability, metabolism and mobilization. Essential functions of nitrogen transporters in source and sink organs and their importance in regulating nitrogen movement in support of metabolism, and vegetative and reproductive growth are assessed. Finally, we discuss recent advances in plant engineering, demonstrating that nitrogen transporters are effective targets to improve crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. While inorganic and organic nitrogen transporters were examined separately in these studies, they provide valuable clues about how to successfully combine approaches for future crop engineering.

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Section: Regulation Of Nitrogen Transportmentioning

confidence: 97%

Source and sink mechanisms of nitrogen transport and use

2017

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“…Nitrate (NO 3 − ) supply can alter auxin biosynthesis and its transport [40,85,86]. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an essential plant native auxin [53], which is required for plant growth and development under diverse environmental conditions [87]. In Arabidopsis roots, the decay of auxin cannot be achieved by the translocation of auxin from shoot to root, which indicated that shoot localized auxin alone is not adequate for supporting the root initiation, elongation, and development [84].…”

Section: Nitrate Responsive Genes Enhances Auxin Activity In the Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, nitrate responsive genes which include NRT1.1, NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NIA1, NIA2, NIR, and Arabidopsis Nitrate Regulated (ANR1) [75]; TAR2 (tryptophan aminotransferase related 2) [90]; NIN like Protein 6 (NLP6) [91]; NIN-Like Protein 7 (NLP7) [92]; LOB Domain-Containing proteins (LBD37/38/39) [62]; Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein-Like 9 (SPL9) [93]; Basic Leucine-Zipper 1 (bZIP1) [94]; NAC Domain Containing Protein 4 (NAC4) [49]; TGA1/TGA4 [31], Teosinte Branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating Cell Factor 20 (TCP20) [78]; and Nitrate Regulatory Gene 2 (NRG2) [70]. Moreover, the link between NLP6 & 7, TGA1, bZIP1, and TCP20 with the promoter of the genes of interest was also confirmed [87].…”

Section: Nitrate Responsive Genes Enhances Auxin Activity In the Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signalling Overlaps between Nitrate and Auxin in Regulation of The Root System Architecture: Insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana

Asim

Ullah

Oluwaseun

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Nitrate (NO 3 -) and auxin are key regulators of root growth and development, modulating the signalling cascades in auxin-induced lateral root formation. Auxin biosynthesis, transport, and transduction are significantly altered by nitrate. A decrease in nitrate (NO 3 -) supply tends to promote auxin translocation from shoots to roots and vice-versa. This nitrate mediated auxin biosynthesis regulating lateral roots growth is induced by the nitrate transporters and its downstream transcription factors. Most nitrate responsive genes (short-term and long-term) are involved in signalling overlap between nitrate and auxin, thereby inducing lateral roots initiation, emergence, and development. Moreover, in the auxin signalling pathway, the varying nitrate supply regulates lateral roots development by modulating the auxin accumulation in the roots. Here, we focus on the roles of nitrate responsive genes in mediating auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis root, and the mechanism involved in the transport of auxin at different nitrate levels. In addition, this review also provides an insight into the significance of nitrate responsive regulatory module and their downstream transcription factors in root system architecture in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.grow well when taking N only from NH 4 + [4]. This uptake system of N by the roots is under the synchronized control of nutrients availability and hormonal signalling [2,3]. Nitrate (NO 3 − ) plays a signal regulatory role in many physiological processes including root growth. The nutrient uptake efficiency depends on root system architecture in the soil [9], and these processes are controlled by several gene-transcript levels, which are regulated by NO 3 − [10].NO 3 regulates root branches under various signalling pathways, such as NRT1.1 (dual-affinity NO 3 − responsive gene), which is assumed to participate in the nitrate-sensing system [11,12], and also governed by auxin [13].Signalling communication is a general rule rather than an omission. For instance, it is cited that about 1545 genes were the nutrient-related signals of NO 3 − , NH 4 + , or both nitrogen forms. Also, 982 (64%) genes were controlled by hormonal signals [14]. Several studies reveal that hormone biosynthesis, transport, and transduction are significantly influenced by several mineral nutrients [11].Hormones play a key role in the root-growth adaptation to NO 3 − readiness [13]. Numerous studies have also shown that NO 3 − regulation of root system architecture (RSA) entails an overlap between NO 3 − and auxin signalling pathways [13,15]. IAA is the most researched and best naturally occurring active auxin [12], and it plays a specific role in the control of systemic inhibition of fresh lateral roots (LRs) developments in response to the sufficient supply of nitrate [16]. Both external NO 3 − and IAA supply significantly influence the auxin concentration in the tiller nodes [17]. As part of the root system, lateral root not only depends on the external NO 3 − supply, but also on the amount of inter...

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“…Changes in gene expression triggered by nitrate and mediated by NRT1.1 are dependent on the second messenger Ca 2+ (Riveras et al 2015). Transcriptome studies revealed diverse nitrogen-regulated genes and pathways, supporting nitrogen as a signal (Undurraga et al 2017). Consequently, nitrate shapes plant physiology and development in a broad manner from the induction of seed germination and regulation of root architecture to shoot development and the onset of flowering (Alboresi et al 2005, Castro Marín et al 2011, Vidal et al 2014, Kiba and Krapp 2016, Yuan et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen – essential macronutrient and signal controlling flowering time

Weber

Burow

2017

Physiologia Plantarum

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Nitrogen, as limiting nutrient for plant growth and crop yield, is a main component of fertilizers and heavily used in modern agriculture. Early reports from over-application of fertilizers in crop production have shown to repress the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. For the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, there is evidence that low nitrogen conditions promote early flowering, while high nitrogen as well as nitrogen starvation conditions display the opposite effect. To gain a better understanding of how nitrogen affects the onset of flowering, we reviewed the existing literature for A. thaliana and carried out a meta-analysis on available transcriptomics data, seeking for potential genes and pathways involved in both nitrogen responses and flowering time control. With this strategy, we aimed at identifying potential gateways for integration of nitrogen signaling and potential regulators that might link the regulatory networks controlling nitrogen and flowering in A. thaliana. We found that photoperiodic pathway genes have high potential to be involved in nitrogen-dependent flowering.

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Nitrate signaling and early responses in Arabidopsis roots

Cited by 78 publications

References 122 publications

Source and sink mechanisms of nitrogen transport and use

Source and sink mechanisms of nitrogen transport and use

Signalling Overlaps between Nitrate and Auxin in Regulation of The Root System Architecture: Insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana

Nitrogen – essential macronutrient and signal controlling flowering time

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