Nitration of Starches with Nitrogen Pentoxide in Presence of Sodium Fluoride

Caesar, G. V.; Goldfrank, Max

doi:10.1021/ja01207a007

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Materials: Dinitrogen pentoxide was prepared by a literature procedure30 from concd. HNO 3 and P 4 O 10 in a flow of dry argon and purified from N 2 O 4 by repeated evacuation (15 Torr) at 0 °C until the material became free‐flowing and the color of the vapor above the crystals had changed from red‐brown to pale yellow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzo-1,2,3,4-tetrazine 1,3-Dioxides: Synthesis and NMR Study

et al. 2002

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Benzo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazine 1,3‐dioxides (BTDOs) represent fairly stable high‐nitrogen systems, incorporating two head‐to‐tail linked azoxy groups. The synthetic pathway to these heterocycles suggested the use of the tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy group as a building block, allowing the first azoxy group to be incorporated into the ring. The second azoxy group was added with the help of the oxodiazonium ion (−N=N=O+) or its synthetic equivalent. This could be generated by two new methods. The first of these involved treatment of N‐nitroamines with nitrating agents, and the second treatment of diazonium salts with peracids in the presence of a base. The proposed key stage in the tetrazine 1,3‐bis(N‐oxide) ring formation is the reaction between the oxodiazonium ion and the distal nitrogen atom of the tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy group, followed by elimination of the tert‐butyl cation. The syntheses of bromo‐BTDOs 3b−f and nitro‐BTDOs 4a−c are described. The BTDOs were characterized by NMR, including 14N and 15N experiments. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzo-1,2,3,4-tetrazine 1,3-Dioxides: Synthesis and NMR Study

et al. 2002

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“…Dinitrogen pentoxide can be generated by adopting different approaches [84,85]. It can be prepared by electrochemical process along with nitric acid and can be isolated [86].…”

Section: Dinitrogen Pentoxide: Versatile Nitrating Agent For Hemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally compatible next generation green energetic materials (GEMs)

Talawar

Sivabalan

Mukundan

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

646

391

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“…The availability of two starch fractions, namely, amylose and amylopectin, siinplified the study of two considerably different polyineric carbohydrate nitrates (2,8,9,24). Thus, recently the Will and Lenze method for the preparation of whole-starch nitrate (23) was revived once again by Ashford, Evans, and Hibbert (2) for nitrating the amylose and the amylopectin fractions of the starch granule.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Polymeric Carbohydrate Nitrates From Studies on Starch, Amylose, Amylopectin, and Glycogen

Mustafa¹,

Dawoud²,

El-Shourbani³

1962

Can. J. Chem.

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Whole starch, an~ylose, amylopectin, and glycogen (polymeric carbohydrates of the a-D-glycosidic linkage type) were nitrated by nitric acid in the presence of phosphoric anhydride and stability properties of the nitrated products were studied. Crude amylose nitrate is more stable than a~nylopectin nitrate and the latter is less stable than the whole-starch nitrate a s judged by the Bergmann-Junk test. The stability of glycogen nitrate is closely similar to that of amylopectin nitrate.Appreciable stabilization of the crude nitrates mas brought about by boiling with slightly allcaline water for long periods (60-70 hours). All stabilized samples were found to possess closely si~uilar stability properties. The Bergmann-Junk values of all examined nitrates ranged from 2.2 to 1.7 mg of nitrogen per gram sample; the latter value seems to represent the maximum stabilization which could be attained for the polymeric carbohydrate nitrates of the a-D-glycosidic linkage type. In the case of cellulose nitrate (6-D-glycosidic linkage type) Bergmann-Junk values of 1 to 1.25 mg of nitrogen were obtained.

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Nitration of Starches with Nitrogen Pentoxide in Presence of Sodium Fluoride

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Benzo-1,2,3,4-tetrazine 1,3-Dioxides: Synthesis and NMR Study

Benzo-1,2,3,4-tetrazine 1,3-Dioxides: Synthesis and NMR Study

Environmentally compatible next generation green energetic materials (GEMs)

Stabilization of Polymeric Carbohydrate Nitrates From Studies on Starch, Amylose, Amylopectin, and Glycogen

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