Nitric acid concentrations in southern California museums

Salmon, Lynn G.; Nazaroff, William W.; Ligocki, Mary P.; Jones, Michael C.; Cass, Glen R.

doi:10.1021/es00077a009

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Many previous investigators have found that indoor concentrations of nitric acid are significantly lower that those measured outdoors (Salmon 1990, Hisham 1991, Brauer 1991, Allen 1995, Suh 1994. Suh (1994) found that the indoor concentration of HNO3 did increase with increasing air change rate, consistent with the present results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Suh (1994) found that the indoor concentration of HNO3 did increase with increasing air change rate, consistent with the present results. Salmon (1990), andHisham (1991) also found that older buildings with high air change rates or climate control system had higher indoor concentrations of HNO3. Brauer (1991) found a higher indoor/outdoor ratio of nitric acid during the same summer period mentioned above, when air change rates were probably elevated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Brauer (1991) found a higher indoor/outdoor ratio of nitric acid during the same summer period mentioned above, when air change rates were probably elevated. Salmon (1990) Modeling indoor ammonia is much more complicated than either ammonium nitrate aerosol or nitric acid. Ammonia is much more complex than nitric acid, and its sorption, desorption, and reactions are more strongly dependent upon the variables that characterize the house.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transformation of outdoor ammonium nitrate aerosols in the indoor environment

Lunden

Revzan

Fischer

et al. 2003

Atmospheric Environment

137

117

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Recent studies associate particulate air pollution with adverse health effects; however, the exposure to indoor particles of outdoor origin is not well characterized, particularly for individual chemical species. We conducted a field study in an unoccupied, single-story residence in Clovis, California to provide data and analyses to address issues important for assessing exposure. We used real-time particle monitors both outdoors and indoors to quantify PM-2.5 nitrate, sulfate, and carbon. The results show that measured indoor ammonium nitrate concentrations were significantly lower than would be expected based solely on penetration and deposition losses. The additional reduction can be attributed to the transformation indoors of ammonium nitrate into ammonia and nitric acid gases, which are subsequently lost by deposition and sorption to indoor surfaces. A mass balance model that accounts for the kinetics of ammonium nitrate evaporation was able to reproduce measured indoor ammonium nitrate and nitric acid concentrations, resulting in a fitted value of the deposition velocity for nitric acid of 0.56 cm s -1 . The results indicate that indoor exposure to outdoor ammonium nitrate in Central Valley of California are small, and suggest that exposure assessments based on total particle mass measured outdoors may obscure the actual causal relationships for indoor exposure to particles of outdoor origin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The transformation of outdoor ammonium nitrate aerosols in the indoor environment

Lunden

Revzan

Fischer

et al. 2003

Atmospheric Environment

137

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PM < 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ) and acid vapor were measured using 2-week integrated samplers. Elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) were collected in 2-week integrated samples and subsequently analyzed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method (NIOSH 1996, 1999; Salmon et al 2000). Annual averages were computed of the 24-hr PM 10 and NO 2 , and of the 1000- to 1800-hr averages of O 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dog Ownership Enhances Symptomatic Responses to Air Pollution in Children with Asthma

McConnell

Berhane

Molitor

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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BackgroundExperimental data suggest that asthma exacerbation by ambient air pollutants is enhanced by exposure to endotoxin and allergens; however, there is little supporting epidemiologic evidence.MethodsWe evaluated whether the association of exposure to air pollution with annual prevalence of chronic cough, phlegm production, or bronchitis was modified by dog and cat ownership (indicators of allergen and endotoxin exposure). The study population consisted of 475 Southern California children with asthma from a longitudinal cohort of participants in the Children’s Health Study. We estimated average annual ambient exposure to nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter < 10, 2.5, and 10–2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM10–2.5, respectively), elemental and organic carbon, and acid vapor from monitoring stations in each of the 12 study communities. Multivariate models were used to examine the effect of yearly variation of each pollutant. Effects were scaled to the variability that is common for each pollutant in representative communities in Southern California.ResultsAmong children owning a dog, there were strong associations between bronchitic symptoms and all pollutants examined. Odds ratios ranged from 1.30 per 4.2 μg/m3 for PM10–2.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91–1.87) to 1.91 per 1.2 μg/m3 for organic carbon (95% CI, 1.34–2.71). Effects were somewhat larger among children who owned both a cat and dog. There were no effects or small effects with wide CIs among children without a dog and among children who owned only a cat.ConclusionOur results suggest that dog ownership, a source of residential exposure to endotoxin, may worsen the relationship between air pollution and respiratory symptoms in asthmatic children.

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“…The deterioration mechanism can be attributed to oxidation to HNO3 (ref. 12). Another pollutant that should be taken into account is HCHO.…”

Section: Effects Of Air Pollution On Museum Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural heritage and the environment

Grieken¹,

Delalieux²,

Gysels³

1998

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Air pollution can have a significant influence on the weathering of monuments and on the deterioration of museum objects and prehistoric cave paintings. Three important mechanisms of stone weathering will be discussed, and an overview of analysis techniques invoked for the assessment of the degradation processes will be given. The effects of several air pollutants on works of art are reviewed, illustrated with examples of the micro-analysis of aerosols in two European museums. The influence of tourism on the preservation of prehistoric rock art is also addressed.

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Nitric acid concentrations in southern California museums

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

The transformation of outdoor ammonium nitrate aerosols in the indoor environment

The transformation of outdoor ammonium nitrate aerosols in the indoor environment

Dog Ownership Enhances Symptomatic Responses to Air Pollution in Children with Asthma

Cultural heritage and the environment

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