Nitric oxide and its role in exercise physiology

Oral, Onur

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.21.11640-8

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Even though MIPS was unable to significantly affect maximal force production (MVC) or performance outcomes (WRPM or BCRs), the positive effect on CV slopes and TtT registered in MIPS, but not in CC and PLA, may relate to the acute positive action of the supplement on peripheral components of performance fatigability, independently from the protons buffering function of creatine ( 38 ) and its ergogenic contribution ( 34 ). The observed results after MIPS may be linked to two possible additional mechanisms, which involve other components of the mixture, able to synergistically produce benefits to different levels of muscle work intensities, as we observed through the measure of CV slopes at 20 and 60% of MVC: (1) an acute role of β-alanine on the buffer capacity of the muscle during the fatiguing task as previously hypothesized by Invernizzi et al ( 7 ), although we were not able to provide biochemical evidence of this assertion by measuring differences of blood pH, and (2) an overall “antifatigue” effect due to the presence of molecules able to regulate recognized mechanisms involved in the onset of high-intensity resistance exercise-induced fatigue ( 39 – 41 ), such as glutamine, arginine, and taurine. Glutamine is an ammonia buffering and its supplementation was associated with the prevention of ammonia accumulation ( 42 ); arginine is the precursor of nitric oxide (NO) and thus plays an important role in increasing of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and blood flow to skeletal muscle, which may impact the TtT during high-intensity isometric contractions ( 43 ); taurine has been reported to reduce resistance exercise-related fatigue by decreasing oxidative stress due to muscle damage ( 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of a Single Dose of a Creatine-Based Multi-Ingredient Pre-workout Supplement Compared to Creatine Alone on Performance Fatigability After Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Design Study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the acute effects of a single oral administration of a creatine-based multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on performance fatigability and maximal force production after a resistance exercise protocol (REP).MethodsEighteen adult males (age: 23 ± 1 years; body mass: 76.4 ± 1.5 kg; height: 1.77 ± 0.01 m) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study. Subjects received a single dose of a MIPS (3 g of creatine, 2 g of arginine, 1 g of glutamine, 1 g of taurine, and 800 mg of β-alanine) or creatine citrate (CC) (3 g of creatine) or a placebo (PLA) in three successive trials 1 week apart. In a randomized order, participants consumed either MIPS, CC, or PLA and performed a REP 2 h later. Before ingestion and immediately after REP, subjects performed isometric contractions of the dominant biceps brachii: two maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), followed by a 20% MVC for 90 s and a 60% MVC until exhaustion. Surface electromyographic indices of performance fatigability, conduction velocity (CV), and fractal dimension (FD) were obtained from the surface electromyographic signal (sEMG). Time to perform the task (TtT), basal blood lactate (BL), and BL after REP were also measured.ResultsFollowing REP, statistically significant (P < 0.05) pre–post mean for ΔTtT between MIPS (−7.06 s) and PLA (+0.222 s), ΔCV slopes (20% MVC) between MIPS (0.0082%) and PLA (−0.0519%) and for ΔCV slopes (60% MVC) between MIPS (0.199%) and PLA (−0.154%) were found. A pairwise comparison analysis showed no statistically significant differences in other variables between groups and condition vs. condition.ConclusionAfter REP, a creatine-enriched MIPS resulted in greater improvement of sEMG descriptors of performance fatigability and TtT compared with PLA. Conversely, no statistically significant differences in outcomes measured were observed between CC and PLA or MIPS and CC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of a Single Dose of a Creatine-Based Multi-Ingredient Pre-workout Supplement Compared to Creatine Alone on Performance Fatigability After Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Design Study

et al. 2022

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“…TT-mediated inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) [40] could also increase nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is a potential modulator of blood flow activation, increased muscle energy metabolism, and enhanced mitochondrial respiration during exercise.…”

Section: Tt On Crossfit ® Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…NO is a potential modulator of blood flow activation, increased muscle energy metabolism, and enhanced mitochondrial respiration during exercise. Thus, stimulating the biosynthesis and improving the accessibility of nitric oxide could have positive effects on performance in athletes [40]. Milasius et al [34] reported significant increases in anaerobic performance after 20 days of supplementation with TT capsules of 1875 mg.…”

Section: Tt On Crossfit ® Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of 6 Weeks of Tribulus terrestris L. Supplementation on Body Composition, Hormonal Response, Perceived Exertion, and CrossFit® Performance: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

et al. 2021

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Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) supplementation have been shown to enhance sports performance in many but not all studies. Moreover, data regarding the potential impact of TT supplementation on CrossFit® endurance is limited. This study aimed to determine whether TT supplementation improve body composition, hormonal response, and performance among CrossFit® athletes. In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 30 healthy CrossFit®-trained males were randomly allocated to receive either 770 mg of TT supplementation or a placebo daily for 6 weeks. Body mass, fat mass, fat composition, testosterone and cortisol levels, and CrossFit® performance (5 common Workouts of the Day: back squat, bench press, dead lift, Grace, and CrossFit® Total) were assessed before and after intervention. There were no significant group x time interactions for the outcomes of the study except for testosterone levels and bench press performance (p < 0.05). TT supplementation did not impact enhance performance or body composition in CrossFit® male athletes. However, TT supplementation may act as a testosterone booster helping the recovery after physical loads and mitigating fatigue.

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“…Some reports suggest that eNOS activity and metabolites of NO (NOx) in the blood are increased in depression, while others suggest that they are decreased [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Physical activity and NO are related, and physical activity enhances the production of NO [27]. Several in vivo studies have demonstrated that NO can modulate the level of catecholamines in the central nervous system [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Mechanism of Exercise for Treatment of Patients with Major Depression: A Preliminary Report on the Dynamics of Metabolites of Nitric Oxide and Catecholamines

Ikenouchi¹,

Okamoto²,

Igata³

et al. 2022

J. Integr. Neurosci.

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Background: There has been increasing evidence that exercise therapy is effective in the treatment and prevention of major depression (MD). However, the basic molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise on MD remain unclear. We conducted a preliminary study to clarify the effect of exercise therapy on MD, focusing on the dynamics of nitric oxide (NO) and catecholamine metabolites, which have been found to be associated with MD. Methods: Eleven outpatients with mild to moderate MD and 37 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. The participants' clinical records and questionnaires were screened for their past medical history. For their exercise therapy, the participants were instructed to walk the equivalent of 17.5 kcal/kg/week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected from all participants at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the start of exercise therapy, and plasma metabolites of NO (NOx), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were analyzed. We also assessed the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) in patients with MD. A mixed-effects regression model was used to compare the mean values by time (baseline, 4, and 8 weeks) for the three corresponding groups (NOx, MHPG, and HVA). Results: HRSD-17 scores decreased significantly in the MD group after 8 weeks of exercise therapy. NOx and MHPG increased, but there was no significant change in HVA in the MD group after the exercise therapy. NOx decreased after exercise, and HVA increased significantly from baseline after 4 weeks of exercise but decreased after 8 weeks of exercise in the HC group. Conclusions: The effects of exercise on NOx, MHPG, and HVA may differ between MD and HC. The potential mechanisms for the benefits of walking exercise in MD patients will be the subject for future research.

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Nitric oxide and its role in exercise physiology

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of a Single Dose of a Creatine-Based Multi-Ingredient Pre-workout Supplement Compared to Creatine Alone on Performance Fatigability After Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Design Study

Effects of a Single Dose of a Creatine-Based Multi-Ingredient Pre-workout Supplement Compared to Creatine Alone on Performance Fatigability After Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Design Study

The Effects of 6 Weeks of Tribulus terrestris L. Supplementation on Body Composition, Hormonal Response, Perceived Exertion, and CrossFit® Performance: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

The Molecular Mechanism of Exercise for Treatment of Patients with Major Depression: A Preliminary Report on the Dynamics of Metabolites of Nitric Oxide and Catecholamines

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