Nitric Oxide Involvement in Drosophila Immunity

Nappi, Anthony J.; Vass, Emily; Frey, F.; Carton, Y.

doi:10.1006/niox.2000.0294

Cited by 219 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In D. melanogaster , NO has been well reported in cellular development during the developmental stages of the flies (Enikolopov, Banerji, & Kuzin, 1999; Jaszczak, Wolpe, Dao, & Halme, 2015). Studies have also shown that NO function in immune responses of the flies to pathogens and parasites (Eleftherianos et al., 2014; Nappi, Vass, Frey, & Carton, 2000). Although there is dearth of information on the role of NO in adult fly physiology, nevertheless, the production of NO is reportedly more confined to the brain of adult flies (Enikolopov et al., 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary inclusions of bitter kola seed on geotactic behavior and oxidative stress markers in Drosophila melanogaster

Oboh

Ogunsuyi

Ojelade

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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This study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusions of Garcinia kola (GK) seed on geotactic behavior and some oxidative stress markers in wildߚtype fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Flies were raised on diet supplement with GK seed for 5 days. The negative geotactic behavior of flies which was used to evaluate their locomotor performance was thereafter evaluated. The flies were subsequently homogenized and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase and glutathioneߚSߚtransferase (GST) activities, as well as nitric oxide (NO) and total thiol contents were assayed. The phytochemical constituents of GK seed were also determined. It was observed that higher dietary inclusions of GK seed reduced the survival rate of D. melanogaster more significantly compared to control flies. Also, higher dietary inclusions of GK seed significantly reduced locomotor performance and AChE activity, while the ROS level was increased compared to the control. Activities of GST and catalase were significantly increased in flies fed diet supplemented with higher GK seed inclusions but their NO content was significantly reduced compared to control. Phytochemical analysis of GK seed revealed abundance of saponin > glycosides > alkaloids > phenols > flavonoids. These results have shown that dietary inclusion of GK seed at higher concentrations reduced survival rate of D. melanogaster and impaired cholinergic system, with elevated activities of some antioxidant enzymes under acute exposure. These observations could be associated with bioactivities of predominant phytochemicals in GK seed such as saponin and glycosides which have been reportedly toxic at high concentration. Therefore, this study suggests that high consumption of GK seed could induce some toxicological effects and moderate consumption is hence recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary inclusions of bitter kola seed on geotactic behavior and oxidative stress markers in Drosophila melanogaster

Oboh

Ogunsuyi

Ojelade

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…NO regulates cell proliferation in the imaginal discs of developing larvae (Kuzin et al 1996) and in embryos (Wingrove and O'Farrell 1999), participates in the development of the visual system (Gibbs and Truman 1998;Gibbs 2003), induces vesicle release at the neuromuscular junction of larvae (Wildemann and Bicker 1999), controls epithelial fluid secretion by the Malpigian tubules (Dow et al 1994;Broderick et al 2003), triggers the immune response against bacterial pathogens (Nappi et al 2000), induces arrest of nuclear divisions in early embryo in response to oxygen deprivation (DiGregorio et al 2001), and mediates hypoxia-dependent exploratory behavioral responses in larvae (Wingrove and O'Farrell 1999) and hypoxia-induced stasis in embryos (Teodoro and O'Farrell 2003). This wide range of processes mediated by NO requires tight regulation of its production in response to different stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammals, these changes include blood-vessel relaxation, immune response, cell cycle control, and neurotransmission. In Drosophila, NO has been implicated in visual-system development, immunity, behavior, response to hypoxia, osmoregulation, and regulation of cell cycle progression during development (Dow et al 1994;Kuzin et al 1996Kuzin et al , 2000Gibbs and Truman 1998;Wingrove and O'Farrell 1999;Nappi et al 2000;DiGregorio et al 2001;Teodoro and O'Farrell 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of multimers via truncated isoforms: a novel mechanism to control nitric-oxide signaling

Stasiv

Kuzin²,

Regulski³

et al. 2004

Genes Dev.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential regulator of Drosophila development and physiology. We describe a novel mode of regulation of NO synthase (NOS) function that uses endogenously produced truncated protein isoforms of Drosophila NOS (DNOS). These isoforms inhibit NOS enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo, reflecting their ability to form complexes with the full-length DNOS protein (DNOS1). Truncated isoforms suppress the antiproliferative action of DNOS1 in the eye imaginal disc by impacting the retinoblastoma-dependent pathway, yielding hyperproliferative phenotypes in pupae and adult flies. Our results indicate that endogenous products of the dNOS locus act as dominant negative regulators of NOS activity during Drosophila development.

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“…Studies in insect systems have also indicated a role for NOS in eliminating pathogens (Dimopoulos et al 1998;Luckhart et al 1998;Han et al 2000), but there are suggestions that its action might include induction of immune responses (Nappi et al 2000;Imamura et al 2002). For this reason, we tested whether NO might have a role as an upstream regulator of the immune response by testing the influence of L-NAME treatment on induction of the antimicrobial peptide Diptericin (Dipt).…”

Section: No Is a Signaling Molecule In The Imd/rel Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide contributes to induction of innate immune responses to gram-negative bacteria inDrosophila

Foley

O’Farrell²

2003

Genes Dev.

242

241

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Studies in mammals uncovered important signaling roles of nitric oxide (NO), and contributions to innate immunity. Suggestions of conservation led us to explore the involvement of NO in Drosophila innate immunity. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) increased larval sensitivity to gram-negative bacterial infection, and abrogated induction of the antimicrobial peptide Diptericin. NOS was up-regulated after infection. Antimicrobial peptide reporters revealed that NO triggered an immune response in uninfected larvae. NO induction of Diptericin reporters in the fat body required immune deficiency (imd) and domino. These findings show that NOS activity is required for a robust innate immune response to gram-negative bacteria, NOS is induced by infection, and NO is sufficient to trigger response in the absence of infection. We propose that NO mediates an early step of the signal transduction pathway, inducing the innate immune response upon natural infection with gram-negative bacteria.

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Nitric Oxide Involvement in Drosophila Immunity

Cited by 219 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of dietary inclusions of bitter kola seed on geotactic behavior and oxidative stress markers in Drosophila melanogaster

Effect of dietary inclusions of bitter kola seed on geotactic behavior and oxidative stress markers in Drosophila melanogaster

Regulation of multimers via truncated isoforms: a novel mechanism to control nitric-oxide signaling

Nitric oxide contributes to induction of innate immune responses to gram-negative bacteria inDrosophila

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