Nitric oxide (NO) emission by higher plants

Rockel, P.; Rockel, Andra; Wildt, J.; Segschneider, H.‐J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5450-5_98

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…By comparing the N 2 O emission from the plots with and without rice plants, Mosier et al [1990] demonstrated that young rice plants facilitated the emission of N 2 O. At poor light density the reduction of nitrate N in plant organs can cause N 2 O and NO emissions [ Dean and Harper , 1986; Klepper , 1990; Rockel et al , 1996]. Chen et al [1990] also reported that plants might emit N 2 O when stressed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition experiments on nitrous oxide emission from paddy soils

Boeckx

Zhou

et al. 2002

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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[1] Rice fields using nitrogen-based fertilizers play an important role in the global N 2 O budget. However, our knowledge is still limited with regard to the mechanisms affecting the N 2 O emission and to the measures that can reduce the emission. This paper reports a study of N 2 O emission from paddy soils. The effects of urea, hydroquinone (HQ, a urease inhibitor), and dicyandiamide (DCD, a nitrification inhibitor) have been studied in pot experiments with and without rice plants and with and without addition of wheat straw. With no wheat straw amendment, all treatments with inhibitors, especially with HQ + DCD, had a much smaller N 2 O emission during the rice growing period than the urea treatment, whereas a substantially increased N 2 O emission was observed from a rice-free soil with inhibitors. The N 2 O emission from the rice-planted soil was exponentially positive correlated with the NO 3 À -N concentration in the rice aboveground biomass. By comparing the total N 2 O emission from the rice-free soil and from the rice-planted soil, we found that urea application alone might induce an apparent plant-mediated N 2 O emission, being 0.39 ± 0.08% of the applied urea N. Wheat straw incorporated into the flooded surface layer soil could increase the plant-mediated N 2 O emission significantly. However, application of HQ + DCD could reduce this emission (0.27 ± 0.08% of the applied urea N, compared with 0.89 ± 0.18% in the urea treatment). It also reduced the N 2 O emission from the rice-free soil and from the rice-planted soil. Stepwise regression analysis indicates that denitrification in the flooded surface layer soil was the main source of N 2 O emission from this wetland rice cultivation, particularly when wheat straw was added. A significantly nonlinear negative relation was found between the N 2 O emission and the CH 4 emission when no wheat straw was added, but it was hard to quantify this trade-off relation when wheat straw was incorporated into the flooded surface layer soil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition experiments on nitrous oxide emission from paddy soils

Boeckx

Zhou

et al. 2002

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…The fact that nitrite was not accumulated suggests further extracellular conversion of nitrite into volatile compounds. Current investigations will show, if plasma membrane‐bound enzymes of roots are involved in the known emission of gaseous N‐compounds in high‐nitrate conditions (Schjoerring 1991; Rockel et al 1996; Yu, Wang & Chen 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of nitrate supply with growth rate, plasma membrane‐bound and cytosolic nitrate reductase, and tissue nitrate content in tobacco plants

Stöhr

1999

Plant Cell & Environment

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Activities of plasma membrane-bound nitrate reductase (PM-NR) and cytosolic nitrate reductase (cNR) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) are regulated differently, depending upon the nitrate supply to the culture medium (in sand culture). The cNR activity of roots was higher at low nitrate concentrations with the maximum at 5 mM nitrate supply and declined to low values beyond 5 mM. In contrast, the PM-NR activity of roots increased with higher nitrate concentrations with the maximum at 25 mM nitrate and clearly decreased only at 40 mM. This high PM-NR activity correlated with a low growth rate and might be one of the responses to excess nitrate. Internal nitrate and total nitrogen content of the tissues, however, showed a relative minimum in shoots and in roots of between 15 and 25 mM external nitrate. With declining PM-NR activities beyond 25 mM external nitrate, the nitrate content in the tissue increased indicating an inverse relationship between tissue nitrate content and root PM-NR activity. In leaves both NR activities (cNR and PM-NR) correlated with the internal nitrate content, but with a different response at low nitrate.

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“…If produced in excess, nitrite would be lost to the surroundings, particularly in roots (Botrel et al 1996), since the undissociated HNO 2 penetrates biomembranes rather easily. Also, there is some indication that nitrate reduction may lead to increased NO emissions (Rockel et al 1996), via decomposition of nitrite (Klepper 1990). Although NO emission represents only a small fraction of total N acquisition, NO may act as a gaseous signaling compound involved in communication from organ to organ or from plant to plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate reductase in higher plants: A case study for transduction of environmental stimuli into control of catalytic activity

Kaiser

Weiner

Huber

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

159

111

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In higher plants, cytosolic NAD(P)H‐nitrate reductase (NR) is rapidly modulated by environmental conditions such as light, CO2, or oxygen availability. In leaves, NR is activated by photosynthesis, reaching an activation state of 60–80%. In the dark, or after stomatal closure, leaf NR is inactivated down to 20 or 40% of its maximum activity. In roots, hypoxia or anoxia activate NR, whereas high oxygen supply inactivates NR. Spinach leaf NR is inactivated by phosphorylation of serine 543 and subsequent Mg2+‐dependent binding of 14‐3‐3 proteins at, or close to, this phosphorylation site. At least three different protein kinases (NR‐PK) have been identified in spinach leaves that are able to phosphorylate NR on serine 543. Two of them show up as calmodulin‐like domain protein kinases (CDPKs), and one as a SNF1‐like protein kinase. Dephosphorylation of serine 543 is catalyzed by a Mg2+‐dependent protein phosphatase and by a type 2A protein phosphatase (NR‐PP), which is regulated by a trimer/dimer interconversion. The NR‐PKs, NR‐PPs, and 14‐3‐3s are present even in NR‐depleted plant tissues. Artificial activation of NR in vivo is achieved by cellular acidification, by respiratory inhibitors, or by mannose feeding. As for anoxia, these treatments seem to act, at least in part, via cytosolic acidification, mediated by low cytosolic ATP levels. Activation is also achieved by ionophore‐induced release of divalent cations from the cytosol. In addition, cytosolic AMP and phosphate esters seem to regulate NR‐PK and NR‐PP activities, thereby adapting NR activity within minutes to the changing environment.

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Nitric oxide (NO) emission by higher plants

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Inhibition experiments on nitrous oxide emission from paddy soils

Inhibition experiments on nitrous oxide emission from paddy soils

Relationship of nitrate supply with growth rate, plasma membrane‐bound and cytosolic nitrate reductase, and tissue nitrate content in tobacco plants

Nitrate reductase in higher plants: A case study for transduction of environmental stimuli into control of catalytic activity

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