Nitric oxide production by high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan via nuclear factor-κB activation

Jeong, Hyun‐Ja; Koo, Hyun‐Na; Oh, Eunyoung; Chae, Han‐Jung; Kim, Hyung‐Ryong; Suh, Sang-Bong; Kim, Cheorl-Ho; Cho, Kwang Ho; Park, Byung-Rim; Park, Seung-Taeck; Lee, Young-Mi; Kim, Hyung-Min

doi:10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00055-2

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Some mechanisms of immunoenhancement activity of chitin and its derivatives have been reported, for example, chitosan exhibited the ability to boost NO production from macrophages in the presence of interferon-(IFN-) through the NF-κB signaling pathway [157]. Minami et al in 1998 found that chitin and chitosa n a f f e c t e d C 3 a n d C 5 c o m p o n e n t s o f complement system and concluded that complement system is activated by chitin and chitosan through the alternative pathway.…”

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

Castro¹,

Paulín²

2012

The Complex World of Polysaccharides

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Chitin is a big molecule composed of -beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) monomers. There are three forms of chitin: , , and chitin. The -form, is mainly obtained from crab and shrimp. Both and chitin/chitosan are commercially available [5]. Sources of chitinIn the book "Chitin" published by Muzarelli in 1977, we can find a complete list of organisms that contain chitin: Fungi, Algae, Cnidaria (jellyfish), Aschelminthes (round worm), Entoprocta, Bryozoa (Moss or lace animals, Phoronida (Horseshoe worms), Brachiopoda(Lamp shells), Echiruda, Annelida (Segmented worms), Mollusca, Arthropoda and Ponogophora [6]). Herring, P.J in 1979 wrote that chitin is the main component of arthropod exoskeletons, tendons, and the linings of their respiratory, excretory, and digestive systems, as well as insects external structure and some fungi. It is also found in the reflective material (iridophores) of both epidermis and eyes of arthropods and cephalopods (phylum: Mollusca) and the epidermal cuticle of the vertebrate Paralipophrys trigloides (fish) is also chitinous [7,8]. The main commercial sources of chitin are the shell wastes of shrimp, lobsters, crabs and krill. There are three forms of chitin: , , and chitin. The -form, is composed of alternating antiparallel polysaccharide strands and is mainly obtained from crab and shrimp. -Chitin is by far the most abundant; it occurs in fungal and yeast cell walls, krill, lobster and crab tendons and shells, shrimp shells, and insect cuticle. The rarer -chitin is composed of parallel strands of polysaccharides, is found in association with proteins in squid pens [9,10] and in the tubes synthesized by pogonophoran and vestimetiferan worms [11,12]. It also occurs in aphrodite chaetae [13] as well as in the lorica, built by some seaweeds or protozoa [14,15,16]. And 2 parallel chains alternating with an antiparallel strand constitute gamma chitin and are found in fungi [15].

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Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

Castro¹,

Paulín²

2012

The Complex World of Polysaccharides

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“…Previous studies have shown that high molecular weight chitosan has an in vitro stimulatory effect on NO and TNF-a production [8,9]. This information led us to determine whether low molecular weight oligochitosan can enhance NO and TNF-a release in macrophages and to further determine whether NFnB is involved in the course of the activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The concentration of nitrite in the culture medium related to the amount of NO secreted by macrophages was measured [9]. Briefly, 100-Al aliquots of the culture supernatants were placed in triplicate in a 96-well ELISA plate and incubated with an equal volume of Griess reagent (1% sulfanilamide, 0.1% N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylendiamine dihydrochloride, 2.5% H 3 PO 4 ) at room temperature for 10 min.…”

Section: Assay Of Nitritementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of nuclear factor-kappaB in the induction of nitric oxide nd tumor necrosis factor-alpha by oligochitosan in macrophages

Zhao

2004

International Immunopharmacology

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“…Various mechanisms of immuno-enhancement activity of chitin and its derivatives have been reported. For example, chitosan exhibited the ability to boost NO production from macrophages in the presence of interferon-␥ (IFN-␥) through the NF-B signaling pathway [28]. In addition, Minami et al found that chitin and chitosan affected C3 and C5 components of complement system and concluded that complement system is activated by chitin and chitosan through the alternative pathway [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%