Nitric oxide synthase and its function in animal reproduction: an update

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical labile gas, is involved in the regulation of various biological functions and physiological processes during animal reproduction. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that the biological role and chemical fate of NO is dependent on dynamic regulation of its biosynthetic enzyme, three distinct nitric oxide synthase (NOS) according to their structure, location and function. The impact of NOS isoforms on reproductive functions need to be timely elucidated. Here, we focus on and the basic background and latest studies on the development, structure, importance inhibitor, location pattern, complex functions. Moreover, we summarize the exactly mechanisms which involved some cell signal pathways in the regulation of NOS with cellular and molecular level in the animal reproduction. Therefore, this growing research area provides the new insight into the important role of NOS male and female reproduction system. It also provides the treatment evidence on targeting NOS of reproductive regulation and diseases.

Orthologs of NOX5 and EC-SOD/SOD3: dNox and dSod3 Impact Egg Hardening Process and Egg Laying in Reproductive Function of Drosophila melanogaster

“…Assuming the smooth-like muscles of the oviduct are sensitive to nitric oxide (NO ● ) signaling, extracellular dSod3 activity could regulate the contraction or dilation process by modulating the dNox-produced superoxide ion levels, as they are able to switch off the nitric oxide response [ 49 ]. NO-signaling is known in mammalian ovarian physiology, as it has been demonstrated that the multiple isoenzymes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are expressed and localized in the ovary of different species [ 65 , 66 ]. A role for NO was ascribed to the processes of steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte meiotic maturation, and ovulation [ 65 , 67 , 68 ].…”

Comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of five extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom)

“…The nitric oxide synthase enzyme in cells generates nitric oxide, a signaling molecule that also serves as a free radical. During the immune response, these cells, particularly immune cells like macrophages, generate nitric oxide 69 . However, excessive nitric oxide production causes inflammation and oxidative stress by interacting with molecular oxygen, producing nitrite (NO 2 -) and other nitrogen oxide species 70 .…”