Nitrogen Adsorption Experiments on Several Clay Minerals

Brooks, Clyde S.

doi:10.1097/00010694-195505000-00002

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…not on the interlamellar surfaces). This conclusion has been generally agreed upon in the literature and is supported by complete N 2 isotherm studies (Brooks, 1955;Aylmore and Quirk, 1967;Barrer and MacLeod, 1954). The low surface area for the sodium clay also supports the lack of significant interlamellar sorption.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Interlamellar and Multilayer Nitrogen Sorption by Homoionic Montmorillonites

Knudson¹

1974

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstrac~Nitrogen sorption by various homoionic montmorillonites was studied at 78~ The adsorption isotherms in the relative pressure range P/Po = 0.05-0.25 were found to be either Type I or Type II in the BET classification. The nitrogen sorption process was considered to be predominantly interlamellar when described by a Type I isotherm. With a Type II isotherm, the adsorption was assumed to be predominantly on those surfaces not in the interlamellar regions.It was concluded that only cations within a certain size range promote significant interlamellar nitrogen penetration in montmorillonites. The role of the smaller cations in nitrogen sorption by montmorillonites seems to be their influence on the external aggregate structures, Very large cations tend to clog up the interlamellar pores as well as some of the external voids.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Interlamellar and Multilayer Nitrogen Sorption by Homoionic Montmorillonites

Knudson¹

1974

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Similar hysteresis effects in nitrogen isotherms on finely divided material have been noted by several other workers. Brooks (1955) explained the presence of hysteresis at low relative pressures (< 0.4) in the nitrogen sorption isotherms for Ca~+-montmorillonite as being due to the propping apart of interlamellar spacings by residual water molecules giving rise to a structural instability of the material. This could account for the augmented nitrogen adsorption capacity on the desorption branch of the isotherm down to very low relative pressures.…”

Section: Nitrogen Isotherms and Pore Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 300 ~ outgassing temperature was adopted for most satisfactory reproducibility in the light of results obtained by Brooks (1955Brooks ( ). M6ring (1946 concluded that montmorillonite retained its hydration capacity up to a temperature of 300 ~ In the present work it was found that montmorillonite still retained its capacity for large physical swelling after outgassing at a temperature of 400 ~…”

Section: (B) Low Temperature Nitrogen Sorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structural Status of Clay Systems

Aylmore

1960

Clays clay miner. (Natl. Conf. Clays Clay Miner.)

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Illite and montmoriUonite have been compressed into cores under a pressure of 1200 arm. The structural status of these clays has been examined by means of detailed nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and by means of electron micrographs of fracture surfaces of the clay cores. The subsequent swelling behavior of sodium and calcium clay cores has been analyzed in terms of the model derived from these measurements and the specific surface area of the clay. A generalized theory for the condensation of plate-shaped particles into domains has been proposed.Measurements of the effect of electrolyte concentration and hydrostatic suction on the swelling of sodium-and calcium-saturated clay cores indicate that diffuse double layer theory may play a significant part in determining the swelling of monovalent clay systems but not divalent clay systems.The magnitude of the film thicknesses apparently developed in solutions as concentrated as molar and 4 M, where the condition of ideal solutions required by diffuse double layer theory is certainly not fulfilled, seems to indicate that solution uptake is increased by a relaxation of structural strains within the clay matrix on lubrication by solutions. These strains may arise from the distortion of crystals in packing during the drying process. Such relaxations which appear to occur between p F 4 and 3 could initiate the development of a gel structure.

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“…to about 100 m2/g (Brooks, 1955;Zettlemoyer, Young, and Chessick, 1955;Lopez-Gonzalez and Deitz, 1952;Wood, 1952, 1952a;Dyal and Hendricks, 1950;Nelson and Hendricks, 1943). A number of factors seemingly contribute to the variation, including the type and purity of the montmorillonite, the saturating cation, the outgassing temperature, and in general the preparatory treatment received by the sample.…”

Section: Published Determinations Of Sur/ace Areas Of Montmorillonitementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Areas of Clay Minerals as Derived from Measurements of Glycerol Retention

Diamond¹

1956

Clays clay miner. (Natl. Conf. Clays Clay Miner.)

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The use of glycerol retention measurements to calculate surface areas of clay minerals is described. Assuming that the glycerol retained on external surfaces is monomolecular in thickness, and that both this layer and the monomolecular glycerol layers adsorbed on internal surfaces of montmorillonite, vermiculite, and halloysite are of the density of liquid glycerol, it is calculated that each percentage of glycerol retained corresponds to an area of 17.6 square meters per gram on external surfaces and 35.3 on internal surfaces. The corresponding figures for ethylene glycol retention under these conditions are 22.3 and 44.6, respectively. For nonexpanding clays, surface areas calculated from glycerol retention values agree well with published figures derived from Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T.) gas adsorption measurements. For montmorillonites, surface areas agree reasonably well with published determinations based on B.E.T. treatment using polar adsorbates. Values of surface area are also presented for samples of vermiculite and endellite and for the nonexpanding clay minerals--illite, kaolinite, halloysite, and allophane.Calculations of the surface area as a function of particle size for montmorillonites of hypothetically uniform particle sizes show that montmorillonites dispersed into very thin flakes must have an appreciable external surface. The ratio of internal to total surface is shown to furnish an estimate of the thickness of the individual montmorillonite flakes. Glycerol retention data for a Wyoming bentonite saturated with a number of different cations are interpreted as indicating particle thicknesses varying from 3 unit cells (about 30A) for Na + saturation to about 20 unit cells for saturation with a number of polyvalent cations.

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Nitrogen Adsorption Experiments on Several Clay Minerals

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Interlamellar and Multilayer Nitrogen Sorption by Homoionic Montmorillonites

Interlamellar and Multilayer Nitrogen Sorption by Homoionic Montmorillonites

The Structural Status of Clay Systems

Surface Areas of Clay Minerals as Derived from Measurements of Glycerol Retention

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