Nitrogen Alleviated the Deterioration of Rice Quality by Affecting the Accumulation of Grain Storage Protein Under Elevated Temperature

Zhao, Yufei; Ran, Xuan; Yin, Tongyang; Guo, Hao; Zhang, Xiaoyang; Shen, Yingying; Liu, Wenzhe; Ding, Yanfeng; Tang, She

doi:10.1007/s00344-022-10798-9

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, an increase in lysine and threonine in rice grains contributes to a high nutritional quality of rice and ensures that glutamic acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism support the synthesis of glutelin and prolamin; thus, the lysine and threonine metabolism pathways are improved to allow for the synthesis of albumin and globulin [ 24 ]. Glutamate is the major component of rice grain glutelin, and the key enzymes involved in its synthesis are glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) [ 25 ]. Increased GS and GOGAT enzyme activities in rice leaves and grains under N fertilizer regulation elicit an increase in glutamate and glutenin, which affects the chalky white quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Chalkiness Is Decreased by Balancing the Synthesis of Protein and Starch in Hybrid Indica Rice Grains under Nitrogen Fertilization

Guo,

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The important reason for the commercial value of hybrid rice suffering is due to excessive chalkiness, and the biosynthesis of starch and proteins is critical for regulating chalkiness; however, it is currently unclear how the application of N fertilizer affects grains to reduce their chalkiness and improve their quality. The 2019, 2020, and 2021 trials were conducted in a split-plot design, with high and low chalky varieties as the main plot and N fertilizer rate as the split-plot. The effects of fertilization with 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1 on the dynamic synthesis of starch, protein, and endogenous hormones and on the amino acid of hybrid indica rice kernels with different degrees of chalkiness were investigated. Grain physiological activity was higher in low-chalky varieties than in high-chalky varieties, and these physiological parameters were strongly associated with chalkiness formation. Higher N fertilization (150 and 225 kg N ha−1) significantly reduced the proportion of chalky grains (8.93–28.02%) and chalkiness (8.61–33.99%) compared with 75 kg N ha−1. Increased N fertilization decreased the activities of granule-bound starch synthase and starch-debranching enzyme, but significantly increased adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, and starch-branching enzyme activities, synergistically improving glutamate synthetase and glutamine synthetase enzyme activities, which tended to support the synthesis of amylopectin, α-ketoglutarate, and 3-phosphoglyceric acid-derived amino acids in the endosperm cells of the grains; this favored starch and protein accumulation in the grains at 6–30 days after anthesis. Additionally, N application promoted the synthesis of endogenous hormones 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, gibberellins, and abscisic acid in grains. Hence, N fertilization reduced the rice chalkiness in hybrid indica rice varieties by balancing grain protein and starch composition and enhancing some endogenous hormone synthesis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%