Nitrogen and bacterial removal in constructed wetlands treating domestic waste water

Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from domestic sewage by constructed wetlands: Optimization of wetland substrates and hydraulic loading

“…Compared to conventional wastewater treatment technologies, CWs have economical and eco-friendly advantages due to their low-cost, easy operation and low maintenance (Puigagut et al, 2008;Faulwetter et al, 2009). Constructed wetland systems have already been used in the treatment of a wide range of wastewaters originated from domestic (Bahgat et al, 1999;Decamp and Warren, 2001;Keffala and Ghrabi, 2005;Nurk et al, 2005;Reyes-Contreras et al, 2012;Adrados et al, 2014;Younger and Henderson, 2014), industrial (Calheiros et al, 2007;Tao et al, 2007;Younger and Henderson, 2014), and agricultural sources (Nguyen, 2000;Tanner et al, 2002;Yeh et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2013a), as well as landfill leachate (Kozub and Liehr, 1999;Sundberg et al, 2007).…”

Removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from domestic sewage by constructed wetlands: Effect of flow configuration and plant species

“…Constructed wetlands (CWs) are artificial wetlands designed and constructed to simulate the natural processes to treat domestic and livestock wastewaters (Nurk et al, 2005;Keffala and Ghrabi, 2005;Reyes-Contreras et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2013;Adrados et al, 2014;Younger and Henderson, 2014). Previous studies demonstrated that CWs are capable of removing a majority of environmental pollutants including nitrogen, phosphorous, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Lin et al, 2002a;Hu et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013), and emerging contaminants such as antibiotics (Hijosa-Valsero et al, 2011;Berglund et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015) and ARGs Chen et al, 2015).…”

Potential Macrophytes for Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands in Tanzania

“…In HSSFCW, ammonia-N is mainly lost through nitrification to nitrate-N [9] and then denitrification of nitrate-N to nitrogenous gases [14]. The loss of nitrate-N in the unplanted control wetland is also mainly due to denitrification [10]. Overall nitrogen removal was highest by the K. erectus followed by P. mauritianus, T. capensis and T. domingensis.…”

“…Flowered macrophytes followed in N bioaccumulation but this test was stopped right after flowering when there was no more increase in plant height. Senescence starts after flowering involving remobilization and loss of N back into the wetlands again [10]. Another macrophyte species that adapted quickly in the HSSFCW and competed well with the two Typha species and K. erectus wasP.…”

“…Macrophytes, soil substrate and water, are the main components of the wetlands system, and that the substrate is non-soil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water sometimes during the growing season of each year [10]. Thus the presence or absence of macrophytes is one of the characteristics used to define a wetland, and there are three types of macrophytes found in wetlands; namely free floating, submerged and emergent macrophytes; named after how the macrophytes are anchored and seen on the water surface [5,6].…”