Nitrogen and Carbon Dynamics in No‐Till and Stubble Mulch Tillage Systems

Christensen, N. B.; Lindemann, W. C.; Salazar-Sosa, Enrique; Gill, L. R.

doi:10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600020017x

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…4), teores de C orgânico superiores em relação ao tratamento com exportação. Christensen et al (1994) observaram, após cinco anos de experimentação, que o teor de C orgânico foi superior no plantio direto, em comparação com o cultivo mínimo, e Sidiras & Pavan (1985) obtiveram maiores teores de C orgânico no sistema de vegetação permanente, o que mostra a importância dos resíduos vegetais sobre o solo. No tratamento com adubação orgânica, as forrageiras perenes (Sistemas I e II) foram superiores às anuais (Sistema III), mostrando, assim, que o ciclo da cultura teve maior influência que a produção de matéria seca.…”

Section: Resultados E Discussão Caracterização Química Do Solounclassified

“…O efeito recuperador da adubação mineral e orgânica nas características químicas do solo em área degradada foi observado por Lucchesi (1988), Melo (1994) e Motta Neto (1995). A permanência do material vegetal sobre o solo tem proporcionado melhores níveis de fertilidade, conforme Sidiras & Pavan (1985), Havlin et al (1990), Bhat et al (1991), Testa et al (1992) e Christensen et al (1994).…”

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Efeito da revegetação e da adubação de área degradada na fertilidade do solo e nas características da palhada

Favaretto

Moraes

Motta

et al. 2000

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado em área degradada pela mineração do xisto com o objetivo de analisar a fertilidade do solo e as características da palhada após a revegetação com espécies forrageiras submetidas a diferentes adubações. O experimento foi conduzido durante 12 meses, no município de São Mateus do Sul, PR, e o delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, envolvendo três parcelas referentes às adubações e três subparcelas com as forrageiras. As adubações utilizadas foram: I -adubação mineral com permanência da parte aérea; II -adubação mineral e orgânica com exportação da parte aérea; III -adubação mineral com exportação da parte aérea. As forrageiras constituíram diferentes sistemas da seguinte forma: Sistemas I e II -gramíneas e leguminosas perenes de inverno e verão; Sistema III -gramíneas e leguminosas anuais de inverno e verão. As características químicas do solo foram determinadas nas profundidades de 0-3 e de 3-9 cm. Avaliou-se também a cobertura do solo, o peso da matéria seca residual, a concentração de C e N e a quantidade desses elementos sobre o solo. Os tratamentos propiciaram alterações nas propriedades químicas do solo, principalmente na camada de 0-3 cm e, de modo geral, melhores resultados foram obtidos com adubação orgânica. Considerando o teor de matéria orgânica como o principal fator no processo de recuperação, verificou-se que as espécies perenes foram mais adequadas, no entanto, todas as forrageiras apresentaram alta porcentagem de cobertura do solo.Termos para indexação: solo degradado, recuperação, adubação, forrageira. EFFECT OF REVEGETATION AND OF FERTILIZATION OF DEGRADED AREA ON SOIL FERTILITY AND ON CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAW MULCHABSTRACT -This work was carried out on a soil degraded by oil shale mining in São Mateus do Sul, PR, Brazil, to determine the soil fertility and the characteristics of straw mulch after revegetation with forage species submitted to different fertilizations. The experimental design was setup in randomized blocks with split plots, being three plots concerning fertilizations and three subplots with forage species. The fertilizations used were: I -mineral fertilizer with aerial part left over; II -mineral and organic fertilizer with aerial part excluded; III -mineral fertilizer with aerial part excluded. The forages established different systems: Systems I and II -perennial grasses and legumes species of winter and summer; System III -annual grasses and legumes species of winter and summer. The soil chemical properties were determined in the 0-3 and 3-9 cm depths. Percentage of soil covered, weight of residual dry matter, C and N concentrations and the amount of these nutrients were also analyzed. The treatments changed the chemical properties of the soil, mainly in 0-3 cm depth, and in general, better results were obtained with organic fertilization. Considering that the content of organic matter is the main factor on reclamation process, the perennial species were more adequate, however, all forage systems shown high percentage ...

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Section: Resultados E Discussão Caracterização Química Do Solounclassified

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Efeito da revegetação e da adubação de área degradada na fertilidade do solo e nas características da palhada

Favaretto

Moraes

Motta

et al. 2000

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…Jowkin and Schoenau (1998) report that N availability was not greatly affected in initial years by switching to no-till in the brown soil zone in Canada. Others report that conventional tilling systems accelerate organic matter mineralization, resulting in more nutrient availability than under notill (Christensen et al, 1994;Doran, 1980). Little is known about the effects of conventionally tilled vs permanent beds and residue management on C or N mineralization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventionally Tilled and Permanent Raised Beds with Different Crop Residue Management: Effects on Soil C and N Dynamics

et al. 2006

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Conservation tillage in its version of permanent bed planting under zero-tillage with crop residue retention has been proposed as an alternative wheat production system for northwest Mexico. However, little is known about the dynamics of C and N in soils under wheat/maize on permanent beds (PB) where straw was burned, removed, partly removed or retained, as opposed to conventionally tilled beds (CTB) where straw was incorporated. We investigated the dynamics of soil C and N and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) crop values in zero-tilled PB and CTB after 26 successive maize and wheat crops. Organic C and total N were respectively, 1.15 and 1.17 times greater in PB with straw partly removed and with straw retained on the surface, than in CTB with straw incorporated. Organic C and total N were 1.10 times greater in soils with 300 kg N ha )1 added than in unfertilized soil. Cumulative production of CO 2 was lower under CTB with straw incorporated than under PB treatments, and CO 2 production increased with increments in inorganic fertilizer. The N-mineralization rate was 1.18 times greater than in unamended soils when 150 kg inorganic N ha )1 was applied, and 1.48 times greater when 300 kg inorganic N ha )1 was added. The N-mineralization rate was significantly (1.66 times) greater in PB where the straw was burned or retained on the surface than in CTB where the straw was incorporated, but significantly (1.25 times) lower than in PB with straw partly removed. The NDVI values reached a maximum 56 days after planting and decreased thereafter. The NDVI for unfertilized soil were similar for CTB with straw incorporated, PB with straw partly removed, and PB with straw retained on the surface, but significantly lower for PB with straw burned and PB with straw removed. In soils to which 150 or 300 kg N ha )1 was added, NDVI was significantly lower for PB with straw burned than for other treatments. Among other things, this suggests the utility of rotating maize or wheat with crops whose residues have lower C-N ratios, thus avoiding immobilization of large amounts of N for extended periods. PB with residue burning, however, is an unsustainable practice leading to low crop performance and soil and environmental degradation. *

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“…Traditional no‐till practices focused more on reducing soil disturbance than on stubble management, but later studies emphasized more on the significance of residue cover. Christensen et al (1994b) reported that part of seed yield improvement of grain sorghum under no‐till can be attributed to the moisture savings from the previous season's crop residue.…”

Section: Tillage and Stubble Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Sorghum Water Use Efficiency and Yield Are Impacted by Tillage Management Systems, Stubble Height, and Crop Rotation

Darapuneni

Angadi

Begna

et al. 2017

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Core Ideas Tillage, stubble management, and crop rotation are important management decisions for maximizing productivity and profitability in semi‐arid environments. Under poor rainfall distribution conditions of sandy loam, most positive effects of tillage‐stubble management were partially moderated by a significant rotation × tillage‐stubble interaction. Under above‐average rainfall conditions of clay loam, yield characteristics were influenced by neither rotation nor tillage‐stubble management. Conservation tillage combined with stubble management resulted in greater WUE than conventional tillage with no residue management at one out of two locations. Successful crop production in semiarid environments of the Southern High Plains depends on critical management practices such as tillage, stubble management, and crop rotation that maximize the use efficiency of limited resources. An experiment was conducted at two locations in 2010, after the first year of rainfed crop rotation (continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] or cowpea [Vigna unquiculata (L.) Walp.]–sorghum), tillage (conventional, strip‐till, or no‐till) and stubble height (short and tall in strip‐ or no‐till) had been imposed, to evaluate the effects of these management factors on early growth, yield characteristics, and water use efficiency of grain sorghum. Based on the results, the influence of tillage‐stubble management on yield and water use characteristics varied with soil type and seasonal rainfall pattern. Under poor rainfall distribution conditions of Tucumcari sandy loam, the most positive effects of tillage‐stubble management were partially moderated by a significant rotation × tillage‐stubble interaction. Under above‐average rainfall conditions at the Clovis site, which has clay loam soils, yield characteristics were influenced by neither rotation nor tillage‐stubble management. However, at Clovis, conservation tillage (no‐till and strip‐till) in combination with stubble management (short and tall) resulted in greater WUE than conventional tillage with no residue management (P < 0.05). A long‐term study is needed to make recommendations on the adoption of suitable conservation tillage and stubble management strategies in this region; however, the results of this work are encouraging and indicate potential benefits of conservation tillage and stubble management in semiarid environments.

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Nitrogen and Carbon Dynamics in No‐Till and Stubble Mulch Tillage Systems

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Efeito da revegetação e da adubação de área degradada na fertilidade do solo e nas características da palhada

Efeito da revegetação e da adubação de área degradada na fertilidade do solo e nas características da palhada

Conventionally Tilled and Permanent Raised Beds with Different Crop Residue Management: Effects on Soil C and N Dynamics

Grain Sorghum Water Use Efficiency and Yield Are Impacted by Tillage Management Systems, Stubble Height, and Crop Rotation

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