Nitrogen and Sulfur Dual-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide: Synergistic Effect of Dopants Towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Bag, Sourav; Mondal, B.; Das, Ashok Kumar; Raj, C. Retna

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.130

Cited by 156 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Indeed, the following ESA values were achieved for all the doped-graphene nanomaterials: SN-rGO = 0.39 cm 2 < SN2-rGO = 0.40 cm 2 < N-rGO = 0.88 cm 2 . In order to evaluate the final product of the ORR and consequently, the mechanism of the reaction, the peroxide formation was followed by the ring electrode (middle panel of Figure 6), and the number of electrons transferred (n) was calculated (bottom panel of Figure 6) by the equation [30]:…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they reported a higher peroxide yield in comparison to our results, which could be explained by a different route employed for GO production. In order to evaluate the final product of the ORR and consequently, the mechanism of the reaction, the peroxide formation was followed by the ring electrode (middle panel of Figure 6), and the number of electrons transferred (n) was calculated (bottom panel of Figure 6) by the equation [30]:…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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S- and N-Doped Graphene Nanomaterials for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2017

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In the current work, heteroatom-doped graphene materials containing different atomic ratios of nitrogen and sulphur were employed as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic and alkaline media. To this end, the hydrothermal route and different chemical reducing agents were employed to synthesize the catalytic materials. The physicochemical characterization of the catalysts was performed by several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and elemental analysis; meanwhile, the electrochemical performance of the materials toward the ORR was analyzed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), rotating disk electrode (RDE) and rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) techniques. The main results indicate that the ORR using heteroatom-doped graphene is a direct four-electron pathway, for which the catalytic activity is higher in alkaline than in acidic media. Indeed, a change of the reaction mechanism was observed with the insertion of N into the graphenic network, by the rate determining step changes from the first electrochemical step (formation of adsorbed OOH) on glassy carbon to the removal of adsorbed O (O ad ) from the N-graphene surface. Moreover, the addition of sulphur atoms into the N-graphene structure increases the catalytic activity toward the ORR, as the desorption of O ad is accelerated.

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Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

S- and N-Doped Graphene Nanomaterials for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2017

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“…According to Figure 6, sulfur-nitrogen-doped CNTs [92] and sulfur-nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide [91] electrocatalysts exhibited 0.685 and 0.703 V vs. RHE half-wave potential, respectively. According to the authors of both works, the synergetic effect between N and S favors the 4e − ORR pathway.…”

Section: Dual Hetero-atom Doped Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The well-defined ordered mesoporous framework consisting of interconnected N-doped carbon rods with uniform size was the reason for the high ORR activity. [85], [86], [84], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92]). [85], [86], [84], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92] Figure 7.…”

Section: Dual Hetero-atom Doped Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[85], [86], [84], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92]). [85], [86], [84], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92] Figure 7. Long-term stability curves for modified with alternative precursor and mono or dual-doped electrocatalysts: (1) NCNT-900 (N-doped carbon nanotubes) (at −0.4 V vs SCE) [40]; (2) S-P-N-doped graphitized carbon-1000 (at −0.3 V vs SCE) [78]; (3) NOMC (N-doped ordered mesoporous) (at −0.3 V vs Ag/AgCl) [84]; (4) P(2 at.…”

Section: Dual Hetero-atom Doped Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media: Latest Achievements on Novel Carbon Materials

et al. 2016

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Low temperature fuel cells (LTFCs) are considered as clean energy conversion systems and expected to help address our society energy and environmental problems. Up-to-date, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the main hindering factors for the commercialization of LTFCs, because of its slow kinetics and high overpotential, causing major voltage loss and short-term stability. To provide enhanced activity and minimize loss, precious metal catalysts (containing expensive and scarcely available platinum) are used in abundance as cathode materials. Moreover, research is devoted to reduce the cost associated with Pt based cathode catalysts, by identifying and developing Pt-free alternatives. However, so far none of them has provided acceptable performance and durability with respect to Pt electrocatalysts. By adopting new preparation strategies and by enhancing and exploiting synergetic and multifunctional effects, some elements such as transition metals supported on highly porous carbons have exhibited reasonable electrocatalytic activity. This review mainly focuses on the very recent progress of novel carbon based materials for ORR, including: (i) development of three-dimensional structures; (ii) synthesis of novel hybrid (metal oxide-nitrogen-carbon) electrocatalysts; (iii) use of alternative raw precursors characterized from three-dimensional structure; and (iv) the co-doping methods adoption for novel metal-nitrogen-doped-carbon electrocatalysts. Among the examined materials, reduced graphene oxide-based hybrid electrocatalysts exhibit both excellent activity and long term stability.

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