Nitrogen application rate and timing management for improved grain quality parameters of wheat crop

Khan, Gul Roz

doi:10.21162/pakjas/21.102

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Numerous studies have proven that the optimal N rate for wheat cultivation in North-West India can vary between 50 and 185 kg of N ha -1 to attain the desired GY [29]. Cultivar GY outcomes were dissimilar, likely due to the unique genetic potential of each cultivar, soil characteristics, and weather conditions prevalent during the conductance of field trials [30,31]. Some previous studies have shown that selecting phenotypes adapted to specific environmental conditions and considering early generation selection of partitioning traits, such as harvest index (HI) and GY, can lead to high HI and GY in wheat [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irrigation was avoided during the rainfall periods. The treatments (30) were allocated in a split-plot design, as specified by Gomez and Gomez [22]. The N inputs (main plots) were carried out with three N levels, in which portions of N 0 (without external N application), N 75 (75 kg N ha −1 ), and N 150 (150 kg N ha −1 ) were utilized as neem-oil coated urea (46.6% N) throughout the trial.…”

Section: Experimental Framework and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies

Gawdiya,

Kumar,

Shivay

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Optimizing nitrogen (N) inputs is crucial for maximizing wheat yield and ensuring environmental sustainability. Wheat’s economic significance in India calls for a comprehensive evaluation of its ecological implications to develop a resilient production system. This study aimed to identify and evaluate ten wheat cultivars for their yield and N-use efficiency under varying nitrogen inputs (control (N0), half of the recommended nitrogen (N75), and the recommended nitrogen (N150)) using the surface application of neem-oil-coated urea. All N inputs were applied in three splits, basal, crown root initiation, and tillering stages, and an experiment was conducted in a split-plot design. The application of N150 gave the highest dry matter accumulation (DMA) at harvesting stage (AHS) (871 g m−2), seed/spike (60), grain yield (GY = 7.4 t ha−1), straw yield (SY = 8.9 t ha−1), harvest index (HI = 45.2%), protein (12.5%), and total uptake of N (TUN) (223 kg ha−1) by the cultivar ‘HD 3249’, being closely followed by the cultivar ‘HD3117’. Six cultivars (‘HD 3298’, ‘HD 3117’, ‘HD 3249’, ‘PBW 550’, ‘HD 3086’, ‘HD 2967’) out of the ten cultivars evaluated responded well to different input treatments with respect to the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI ≥ 1). Regarding N input, N75 and N150 recorded the highest increases in plant height, AHS (16.5%; 21.2%), dry matter accumulation (DMA) at 30 days after sowing (DAS) (37.5%; 64%), DMA-60 DAS (42%; 53%), DMA-90 DAS (39.5%; 52.5%), TILL-30 DAS (19.8%; 26.4%), TILL-60 DAS (33.3%; 44%), TILL-90 DAS (37.2%; 47.2%), seed/spike (8%; 10%), 1000-grain weight (7.8%; 12.2%), and protein content (23.3%; and 33%) when compared with N0. Furthermore, the application of N75 and N150 improved GY (72.1%; 142.6%), SY (61.1%; 110.6%), BY (65.5%; 123%), and HI by 4.4% and 9%, respectively, over N0. Nitrogen addition (N75 and N150) also significantly increased total nitrogen uptake (104.7%; 205.6%), respectively, compared to N0. The correlation analysis revealed a positive association among most of the crop parameters. Overall, our research results suggest that the cultivars ‘HD 3249’ and ‘HD 3117’ have the potential to be effective options for improving N utilization efficiency, grain yield, and GYEI in North-West India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Framework and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies

Gawdiya,

Kumar,

Shivay

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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“…protein, vitamins, dietary fibers, and phytochemicals (Akmal and Goher, 2021;Seleiman et al, 2021b;Taha et al, 2021). In the recent past, climate changes are observed which have affected many crops including wheat with different ways of occurrence in a crop life cycle (Battaglia et al, 2021;Ding et al, 2021;Khan and Akmal, 2021;Kheir et al, 2021). The scarcity of water at the time of sowing has shifted wheat sowing from late October to the end of November and even in December in areas where the crop is sown as a rainfed crop (Anjum, and Arif, 2022).…”

Section: Introduction Introduction Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scarcity of water at the time of sowing has shifted wheat sowing from late October to the end of November and even in December in areas where the crop is sown as a rainfed crop (Anjum, and Arif, 2022). Some unexpected rainfall in March adversely affected pollination and hence a decrease in the average grain set per spike was noted (Khan and Akmal, 2021). Some areas receive unwanted rains close to the crop maturity and hence caused lodging problems for mechanical harvesting (Goher and Akmal, 2021).…”

Section: Introduction Introduction Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of heat shock on productivity and quality of Triticum aestivum L. at different growth stages

Goher

Alkharabsheh

Seleiman

et al. 2023

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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The transitional phase of climate change is becoming a threat worldwide. Fluctuations in temperature are frequently observed in the life cycles of field crops. The current study was intended to evaluate heat stress (HS) at sensitive stages on four wheat cultivars’ growth, grain yield, and quality traits during two consecutive seasons. The experiment included four spring wheat cultivars that were exposed to HS durations (i.e., 0, 48, 96 and 144 h) at booting and anthesis stages. Pots were kept in an open-air, and labeled pots were moved to the glasshouse at the respective growth stage. After HS treatments, pots were moved from the glasshouse to the original position in the open air. The results showed that the cultivars differed in yield and grain quality traits, but their collective mean effect was significantly expressed with HS and HS duration (HSd) on the measured traits. Spike length was significantly affected by HS at the anthesis in comparison to those obtained from the control. However, the increase in HSd did not cause a significant effect on spike length compared to other treatments. Spike weight was significantly decreased in plants exposed to HS at booting and anthesis as well as by increasing HSd. In addition, grain weight and numbers were decreased in plants exposed to HS at booting and anthesis stages with a similar pattern by increasing HSd. Moreover, a reduction in amylose content was observed in grains of plants exposed to HS at booting and anthesis stages or when plants as exposed to a longer period of HSd. Nonetheless, amylopectin, wet gluten (WG) and grain N (GN) showed an increase in plants exposed to HS at booting and anthesis stages and/or extending HSd. This study concludes that plants exposed to different HS treatments during the life cycle had lower values for spike length, grains weight, and grains number per spike including amylose content in comparison to those obtained from the control. The decrease was significantly noted in the yield and grain quality of wheat when plants were exposed to HS at the booting stage in comparison to those exposed to HS at anthesis.

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“…To a great extent, NUE suffers because of the large-scale blanket application of fertilizers, particularly nitrogen fertilizers ( Majumdar et al., 2013 ; Mitra et al., 2019 ). Splitting the N doses might be considered an efficient tool through which NUEs could be significantly increased compared with blanket fertilizer application ( Khan and Akma, 2021 ; Derebe et al., 2022 ). Inefficient splitting of N doses along with excess N applications may be the reason for lower NUEs; however, controversies still exist regarding N fertilization and maximizing yield with improved NUE in wheat production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based nitrogen management in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Nutrient uptake, use efficiency, and partial nutrient balance

et al. 2023

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The present experiment was conducted to assess the impact of fixed and variable doses (using a normalized difference vegetation index-sensor) of nitrogen (N) on wheat yields, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil nitrogen balance through the optimization of nitrogen dose. There were 10 treatments based on fixed and variable doses with different splits, and each treatment was replicated three times under a randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised fixed doses of 120 and 150 kg N ha–1 with different splits; variable doses based on sensor readings after application of 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha–1; 225 kg N ha–1 as a nitrogen-rich control; and no application of nitrogen as the absolute control. It was revealed that the application of a basal dose of 60 kg N ha–1 and another 60 kg N ha–1 at the crown root initiation stage followed by a sensor-guided N application significantly improved wheat grain yields and grain nitrogen uptake. However, straw nitrogen uptake was highest in N-rich plots where 225 kg N ha–1was applied. It was found that any curtailment in these doses at basal and crown root initiation stages followed by nitrogen application using a normalized difference vegetation index sensor later could not bring about higher crop yields. On average, wheat crops responded to 152–155 kg N ha–1 in both years of the study. Partial factor productivity along with agronomic and economic nitrogen use efficiency showed a declining trend with an increased rate of N application. Apparent N recovery values were comparable between normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based N application treatments and treatments receiving lesser N doses. Soil N status decreased in all the treatments except the nitrogen-rich strip, where there was a marginal increase in soil N status after the wheat crop harvest in the rotation. Partial nitrogen balance was negative for all the treatments except the control. From these 2-year field trials, it can be concluded that applying a normalized difference vegetation index sensor could be an essential tool for the rational management of fertilizer nitrogen in wheat grown in eastern sub-Himalayan plains.

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Nitrogen application rate and timing management for improved grain quality parameters of wheat crop

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies

Field Screening of Wheat Cultivars for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes, and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies

Impacts of heat shock on productivity and quality of Triticum aestivum L. at different growth stages

Normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based nitrogen management in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Nutrient uptake, use efficiency, and partial nutrient balance

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