Nitrogen Content of Crude Petroleums

Ball, J.S.; Whisman, M.L.; Wenger, W.J.

doi:10.1021/ie50503a047

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Total nitrogen content of crude oils range between 0.01 and 0.9% by weight (Ball et al, 1951). However, Richter et al (1952), suggested that most of the organic nitrogen is present in the high molecular weight fraction of crude oils.…”

Section: Controls On In-reservoir Petroleum Biodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the slow lane; biogeochemistry of biodegraded petroleum containing reservoirs and implications for energy recovery and carbon management

2014

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Our understanding of the processes underlying the formation of heavy oil has been transformed in the last decade. The process was once thought to be driven by oxygen delivered to deep petroleum reservoirs by meteoric water. This paradigm has been replaced by a view that the process is anaerobic and frequently associated with methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation. The thermal history of a reservoir exerts a fundamental control on the occurrence of biodegraded petroleum, and microbial activity is focused at the base of the oil column in the oil water transition zone, that represents a hotspot in the petroleum reservoir biome. Here we present a synthesis of new and existing microbiological, geochemical, and biogeochemical data that expands our view of the processes that regulate deep life in petroleum reservoir ecosystems and highlights interactions of a range of biotic and abiotic factors that determine whether petroleum is likely to be biodegraded in situ, with important consequences for oil exploration and production. Specifically we propose that the salinity of reservoir formation waters exerts a key control on the occurrence of biodegraded heavy oil reservoirs and introduce the concept of palaeopickling. We also evaluate the interaction between temperature and salinity to explain the occurrence of non-degraded oil in reservoirs where the temperature has not reached the 80–90°C required for palaeopasteurization. In addition we evaluate several hypotheses that might explain the occurrence of organisms conventionally considered to be aerobic, in nominally anoxic petroleum reservoir habitats. Finally we discuss the role of microbial processes for energy recovery as we make the transition from fossil fuel reliance, and how these fit within the broader socioeconomic landscape of energy futures.

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Section: Controls On In-reservoir Petroleum Biodegradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the slow lane; biogeochemistry of biodegraded petroleum containing reservoirs and implications for energy recovery and carbon management

2014

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“…Ball et al published a survey of the nitrogen content of 153 crude petroleums and Lochte reviewed structure and contents of nitrogen compounds in oils. Sauer et al studied the major nitrogen components in a Kuwait heating‐oil distillate by using mass spectrometry and reported that there were two basic nitrogen (pyridines and quinolines) and three nonbasic types (pyrroles, indoles, and carbazoles) molecules.…”

Section: Use Of the In‐apci/appi Source Isotope Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange in mass spectrometry

Kostyukevich

Acter

Zherebker

et al. 2018

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The isotopic exchange approach is in use since the first observation of such reactions in 1933 by Lewis. This approach allows the investigation of the pathways of chemical and biochemical reactions, determination of structure, composition, and conformation of molecules. Mass spectrometry has now become one of the most important analytical tools for the monitoring of the isotopic exchange reactions. Investigation of conformational dynamics of proteins, quantitative measurements, obtaining chemical, and structural information about individual compounds of the complex natural mixtures are mainly based on the use of isotope exchange in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry. The most important reaction is the Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange, which is mainly performed in the solution. Recently we have developed the approach allowing performing of the Hydrogen/Deuterium reaction on-line directly in the ionization source under atmospheric pressure. Such approach simplifies the sample preparation and can accelerate the exchange reaction so that certain hydrogens that are considered as non-labile will also participate in the exchange. The use of in-ionization source H/D exchange in modern mass spectrometry for structural elucidation of molecules serves as the basic theme in this review. We will focus on the mechanisms of the isotopic exchange reactions and on the application of in-ESI, in-APCI, and in-APPI source Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange for the investigation of petroleum, natural organic matter, oligosaccharides, and proteins including protein-protein complexes. The simple scenario for adaptation of H/D exchange reactions into mass spectrometric method is also highlighted along with a couple of examples collected from previous studies.

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“…Most nitrogen and sulphate compounds in petroleum are in heterocyclic aromatic structures and are concentrated in the large molecular weight and high boiling point fractions [5,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for Detection of Ultra Trace Amounts of Organic Compounds as Markers of Predict to Exploration of Petroleum Reservoir by Cloud Point Extraction Combined with UV-VIS Spectrophotometry and GC-MS Techniques

2016

IJSR

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Nitrogen Content of Crude Petroleums

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Life in the slow lane; biogeochemistry of biodegraded petroleum containing reservoirs and implications for energy recovery and carbon management

Life in the slow lane; biogeochemistry of biodegraded petroleum containing reservoirs and implications for energy recovery and carbon management

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange in mass spectrometry

New Approach for Detection of Ultra Trace Amounts of Organic Compounds as Markers of Predict to Exploration of Petroleum Reservoir by Cloud Point Extraction Combined with UV-VIS Spectrophotometry and GC-MS Techniques

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