Nitrogen-doped hierarchically structured porous carbon as a bifunctional electrode material for oxygen reduction and supercapacitor

Sun, Hang; Quan, Hongying; Pan, Menghua; Zhang, Zhiming; Zeng, Yongchun; Chen, Dezhi

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154208

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…A 45° Warburg region at high-medium frequency exhibits a characteristic EDLC storage behavior . The diameter of the semicircle in the high-frequency region represents the charge-transfer resistance ( R ct ), and the intercept of the curves on the x -axis reflects the equivalent series resistance (ESR). , The R ct of HPC 1/3 is 0.29 Ω, which is the lowest among HPC X . According to the insets in Figure a, the ESR values of HPC X follows the order of HPC 1/3 (0.530 Ω) < HPC 1/1 (0.558 Ω) < HPC 3/1 (0.576 Ω) < HPC 1/0 (0.584 Ω) < HPC 0/1 (0.585 Ω).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Relationships between Molecular Composition of Carbon Precursor and Capacitance of a Hierarchical Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor

Zhang

Sun

Fan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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A series of carbon precursors were obtained via the co-thermal dissolution of coal and wheat straw (WS) with different weight ratios. Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon (HPC X ) materials were prepared from the carbon precursors. Among the porous carbon materials, HPC 1/3 (WS:coal = 1:3 in weight) showed a specific capacitance of 384 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 in 6 M KOH and a good retention capability of 92% at a current density of 10 A g −1 . A symmetrical supercapacitor was further fabricated using HPC 1/3 for both electrodes. The supercapacitor exhibited an excellent cycle lifetime, retaining 98% of specific capacitance after 10 000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of HPC 1/3 is closely related to the corresponding composition of the carbon precursor. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Orbitrap mass spectrometry were used to reveal the detailed composition of carbon precursors at the molecular level. The N-containing and O-containing compounds in carbon precursors are helpful for the enhancement of capacity, surface polarity, and electrical conductivity. Aromatic compounds with a high unsaturation in a carbon precursor contribute to the high specific capacitance and cycling stability.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Relationships between Molecular Composition of Carbon Precursor and Capacitance of a Hierarchical Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor

Zhang

Sun

Fan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Ragone plots of energy density versus power density for TDC-B-0.50 and other nitrogen–carbon materials are presented, as shown in Figure f. The energy density of TDC-B-0.50 is estimated to be 18.47 Wh kg –1 at a power density of 300 W kg –1 , which is higher than that of most nitrogen–carbon materials reported, − suggesting that it is a promising electrode material in supercapacitors. The performances of prepared samples are shown in Table S5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Boron-Induced Nitrogen Fixation in 3D Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors

Sun

Huang

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nitrogen-rich carbon materials attract great attention because of their admirable performance in energy storage and electrocatalysis. However, their conductivity and nitrogen content are somehow contradictory because good conductivity requires high-temperature heat treatment, which decomposes most of the nitrogen species. Herein, we propose a facile method to solve this problem by introducing boron (B) to fix the nitrogen in a three-dimensional (3D) carbon material even at 1000 °C. Besides, this Nrich carbon material has a high content of pyrrolic nitrogen due to the selective stabilization of B, which is favorable in electrochemical reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) investigation demonstrates that B reduces the energy level of neighboring N species (especially pyrrolic nitrogen) in the graphene layer, making it difficult to escape. Thus, this carbon material simultaneously, achieves high conductivity (30 S cm −1 ) and nitrogen content (7.80 atom %), thus showing an outstanding capacitance of 412 F g −1 and excellent rate capability.

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“…The catalytic efficiency of these materials is due to the combination of micro, meso, and macropores structures that promotes the oxygen transfer and diffusion to the active sites. 25 − 28 In the case of catalysts supported on carbon materials and HPC, results for Co and the bimetallic PtCo and PtPd are remarkable. These materials exhibit similar values of current densities relative to the commercial Pt/C, but with an increase in catalyst stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The void spaces also promote the diffusion and migration of reactants and products inside the carbon matrix during the ORR reactions. , For example, HPC materials doped with different elements such as Fe, N, and P exhibit an ORR behavior similar to commercial catalyst Pt/C, reaching current densities in the same order of magnitude, without using a noble metal. The catalytic efficiency of these materials is due to the combination of micro, meso, and macropores structures that promotes the oxygen transfer and diffusion to the active sites. − In the case of catalysts supported on carbon materials and HPC, results for Co and the bimetallic PtCo and PtPd are remarkable. These materials exhibit similar values of current densities relative to the commercial Pt/C, but with an increase in catalyst stability. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Porous Carbon-PtPd Catalysts and Their Activity toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2022

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PtPd bimetallic catalysts supported on hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) with different porous sizes were developed for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) toward fuel cell applications. The HPC pore size was controlled by using SiO 2 nanoparticles as a template with different sizes, 287, 371, and 425 nm, to obtain three HPC materials denoted as HPC-1, HPC-2, and HPC-3, respectively. PtPd/HPC catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance was examined by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. PtPd/HPC-2 turned out to be the most optimal catalyst with an electroactive surface area (ESA) of 40.2 m 2 g –1 and a current density for ORR of −1285 A g –1 at 2 mV s –1 and 1600 rpm. In addition, we conducted a density functional theory computational study to examine the interactions between a PtPd cluster and a graphitic domain of HPC, as well as the interaction between the catalyst and the oxygen molecule. These results reveal the strong influence of the porous size (in HPC) and ESA values (in PtPd nanoparticles) in the mass transport process which rules the electrochemical performance.

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Nitrogen-doped hierarchically structured porous carbon as a bifunctional electrode material for oxygen reduction and supercapacitor

Cited by 37 publications

References 56 publications

Building Relationships between Molecular Composition of Carbon Precursor and Capacitance of a Hierarchical Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor

Building Relationships between Molecular Composition of Carbon Precursor and Capacitance of a Hierarchical Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor

Boron-Induced Nitrogen Fixation in 3D Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors

Hierarchical Porous Carbon-PtPd Catalysts and Their Activity toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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