Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline composite materials: hydrothermal treatment, characterisation and supercapacitive properties

Abstract

Among other factors, the electrochemical capacitor (EC) properties of graphene oxide (GO) are limited by conductivity issues emanating from high oxygen concentrations. Hence, innovative GO modifications, such as derivatisation and...

Dynamics of reduced graphene oxide: synthesis and structural models

“…12 On the one hand, the weight loss due to thermal decomposition in the air within the range of 125-300 °C is attributed to pyrolysis of oxygen-containing moieties, while that in the range of 300-700 °C is ascribed to the sp 2 -hybridised carbon backbone. 33,62,68,69 On the other hand, the weight losses below 100 °C and within the 150-400 °C, 400-500 °C, 650-700 °C and 100-900 °C ranges during pyrolysis under inert conditions have been attributed to trapped water, COOH moieties, lactones, phenols and total oxygen-containing groups on the sheet surfaces, respectively. 19,20,69 The total amount of oxygen functionalities oen decreases with increase in pyrolysis temperature in an inert environment, 70 hence, pyrolysis temperature can suitably be manipulated to tune composition in terms of oxygen moieties.…”

“…73 For example, on the one hand, thermal stability would be expected to decrease as the lattice domain sizes of RGO declines due to the induced tearing effect during oxygen removal and on the other hand, the low oxygen content of RGO would be anticipated to induce higher thermal stabilities. 62,68,71,73 Hence, thermal analysis through thermogravimetric analysis is a potential industrialscale technique for establishing RGO quality in future developments. 73 3.1.5 Optical and textural properties.…”

“…12,44,61 On the other hand, defects and grain boundaries in RGO raise phonon scattering and in turn lower thermal conductivity to ∼2.96 W m −1 K −1 relative to that of graphene (∼5000 W m −1 K −1 ), consequently, RGO performs better than graphene in thermoelectric generators. 7,44,61 Also, higher electron mobility in RGO than in GO 62 minimises chances of recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. 59,63 Additionally, RGO has an inherited high electron mobility than spherical nanomaterials by virtue of a 2-D morphology that is attributed to condensed junctions and grain boundaries.…”