Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide films fabricated via magnetron sputtering for vascular stent biocompatibility improvement

Sun, Zheng; Хлусов, И. А.; Evdokimov, K. E.; Konishchev, Maksim E; Kuzmin, Oleg S.; Хазиахматова, О. Г.; Малащенко, В. В.; Литвинова, Л. С.; Rutkowski, Sven; Frueh, Johannes; Kozelskaya, Anna; Tverdokhlebov, Sergei I.

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.114

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Sputtering at 0 V (Nos. 2, 4, 6, and 8) resulted in surfaces with good crystallinity [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Samples No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decade, several studies have addressed the interaction between TiO x N y -coated surfaces and various types of cells: smooth muscle cells (SMC) [ 18 ], mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) [ 19 ], and endothelial cells (EC) [ 20 ]. It has been shown [ 19 , 20 ] that the cytocompatibility of a surface coated with N-doped TiO 2 depends on the nitrogen content of the coating. The nanoroughness, hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and composition of the surface can be changed by selecting the gas composition of the reaction mixture, bias voltage, and the magnetron’s sputtering time [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These surface parameters influence the production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells and the cells’ adhesion, spreading, and viability on coated substrates. It is known that different cell lines react differently to an increase in the nitrogen content in the coating, which, for example, inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs [ 19 ], but improves the viability and NO production of endothelial cells [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integral Algorithms to Evaluate TiO2 and N-TiO2 Thin Films’ Cytocompatibility

Zhuravleva

Суровцева

Alshevskaya

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Titanium oxide (TiO2) and oxynitride (N-TiO2) coatings can increase nitinol stents’ cytocompatibility with endothelial cells. Methods of TiO2 and N-TiO2 sputtering and cytocompatibility assessments vary significantly among different research groups, making it difficult to compare results. The aim of this work was to develop an integral cytocompatibility index (ICI) and a decision tree algorithm (DTA) using the “EA.hy926 cell/TiO2 or N-TiO2 coating” model and to determine the optimal cytocompatible coating. Magnetron sputtering was performed in a reaction gas medium with various N2:O2 ratios and bias voltages. The samples’ morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The cytocompatibility of the coatings was evaluated in terms of their cytotoxicity, adhesion, viability, and NO production. The ICI and DTA were developed to assess the cytocompatibility of the samples. Both algorithms demonstrated the best cytocompatibility for the sample sputtered at Ubias = 0 V and a gas ratio of N2:O2 = 2:1, in which the rutile phase dominated. The DTA provided more detailed information about the cytocompatibility, which depended on the sputtering mode, surface morphology, and crystalline phase. The proposed mathematical models relate the cytocompatibility and the studied physical characteristics.

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“…Sputtering at 0 V (Nos. 2, 4, 6, and 8) resulted in surfaces with good crystallinity [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Samples No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Integral Algorithms to Evaluate TiO2 and N-TiO2 Thin Films’ Cytocompatibility

Zhuravleva

Суровцева

Alshevskaya

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…It has been proven that their hemo- and bio-compatibilities determine good long-term clinical results, which are better than those with limus-eluting stents [ 12 ]. While the clinical aspects of these coatings are well understood, there is no biomedical interpretation of their operation, and only recently several papers were published on the hemo- and cyto-compatibility of TiO 2 thin films [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Nanorough Surface of TiO2 Thin Films on the Compatibility with Endothelial Cells

Zhuravleva

Суровцева

Vaver

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The cytocompatibility of titanium oxides (TiO2) and oxynitrides (N-TiO2, TiOxNy) thin films depends heavily on the surface topography. Considering that the initial relief of the substrate and the coating are summed up in the final topography of the surface, it can be expected that the same sputtering modes result in different surface topography if the substrate differs. Here, we investigated the problem by examining 16 groups of samples differing in surface topography; 8 of them were hand-abraded and 8 were machine-polished. Magnetron sputtering was performed in a reaction gas medium with various N2:O2 ratios and bias voltages. Abraded and polished uncoated samples served as controls. The surfaces were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cytocompatibility of coatings was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, adhesion, viability, and NO production. It has been shown that the cytocompatibility of thin films largely depends on the surface nanostructure. Both excessively low and excessively high density of peaks, high and low kurtosis of height distribution (Sku), and low rates of mean summit curvature (Ssc) have a negative effect. Optimal cytocompatibility was demonstrated by abraded surface with a TiOxNy thin film sputtered at N2:O2 = 1:1 and Ub = 0 V. The nanopeaks of this surface had a maximum height, a density of about 0.5 per 1 µm2, Sku from 4 to 5, and an Ssc greater than 0.6. We believe that the excessive sharpness of surface nanostructures formed during magnetron sputtering of TiO2 and N-TiO2 films, especially at a high density of these structures, prevents both adhesion of endothelial cells, and their further proliferation and functioning. This effect is apparently due to damage to the cell membrane. At low height, kurtosis, and peak density, the main factor affecting the cell/surface interface is inefficient cell adhesion.

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