Nitrogen dynamics of tropical agroforestry and annual cropping systems

Haggar, Jeremy; Tanner, E. V. J.; Beer, John; Kass, Donald

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(93)90051-c

Cited by 135 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Out of this study, we were able to account for 92% of the urea applied N and 62.2% of the tithonia applied N. The decomposition of the tithonia biomass may have led to N retention in soil organic forms that are resistant to rapid mineralization (Haggar et al 1993;Mugendi et al 2000) hence relatively lower N accounted for in the tithonia biomass compared to urea treatment. In this study, only the mineral N was determined as remaining in the soil however there was a possibility of some of the applied N being entrapped into the organic N pool.…”

Section: Nitrogen Uptake and Total %N Recovery By Maizementioning

confidence: 87%

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Kimetu

Mugendi

Bationo

et al. 2006

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The application of nitrogen in a soil under agricultural production is subject to several pathways including de-nitrification, leaching and recovery by an annual crop. This is as well greatly influenced by the management practices, nitrogen source and soil conditions. The main objective of this study was to investigate the loss of nitrogen (N) through nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and mineral N leaching and uptake by annual crop as influenced by the N source. The study was carried out at Kabete in Central Kenya. Measurements were taken during the second season after two seasons of repeated application of N as urea and Tithonia diversifolia (tithonia) leaves. Results obtained indicated that nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions at 4 weeks after planting were as high as 12.3 lg N m À2 h À1 for tithonia treatment and 2.9 lg N m À2 h À1 for urea treatment. Tithonia green biomass treatment was found to emit N 2 O at relatively higher rate compared to urea treatment. This was only evident during the fourth week after treatment application.Soil mineral N content at the end of the season increased down the profile. This was evident in the three treatments (urea, tithonia and control) investigated in the study. Urea treatment exhibited significantly higher mineral N content down the soil profile (9% of the applied N) compared to tithonia (0.6% of the applied N). This was attributed to the washing down of the nitrate-N from the topsoil accumulating in the lower layers of the soil profile. However, there was no significant difference in N content down the soil profile between tithonia treatment and the control. It could be concluded that there was no nitrate leaching in the tithonia treatment. Nitrogen recovery by the maize crop was higher in the urea treatment (76% of the applied N) as compared to tithonia treatment (55.5% of the applied N). This was also true for the residual mineral N in the soil at the end of the season which was about 7.8% of the applied N in the urea treatment and 5.2% in the tithonia treatment.From this study, it was therefore evident that although there is relatively lower N recovery by maize supplied with tithonia green biomass compared to maize supplied with urea, more nitrogen is being lost (through leaching) from the soil-plant system in the urea applied plots than in tithonia applied plots. However, a greater percentage (37.8%) of the tithonia-applied N could not be

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Section: Nitrogen Uptake and Total %N Recovery By Maizementioning

confidence: 87%

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Kimetu

Mugendi

Bationo

et al. 2006

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…Nitrogen mineralization process of the soils in the tropics or sUbtropics has been studied by several researchers (Singh et al 1991;Haggar et al 1993;Piccolo et al 1994). However, many of these studies depend on periodical sampling of soils and measurement of the contents of mineral N. Although such studies are important to evaluate the nitrogen dynamics in the field, the results are often affected by climatic conditions at the sampling date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Labile pools of organic matter and microbial biomass in the surface soils under shifting cultivation in northern Thailand

Tanaka

Funakawa

Kaewkhongkha³

et al. 1998

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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In order to analyze the N mineralization process under shifting cultivation in northern Thailand, labile pools of soil organic matter were studied, which were considered to be the factors contributing to the N mineralization process.Organic C, (organic + NH. +)-N, and hexose-C were extracted from fresh soils in the surface 0-5 cm layers with a 0.5 M K 2 SO. solution at 110°C in an autoclave (fraction A) or at room temperature with a reciprocal shaker (fraction B), and analyzed as labile pools of organic matter. In the traditional shifting cultivation system, the content of organic C in fraction A in the fallow fields for 8 to 15 y was 3,710 mg kg-l while that in the fallow fields for 1 y and 3 to 5 y was 2,640 and 2,600 mg kg-l, respectively. A high correlation was observed between the contents of the labile pool in fraction A and total soil organic matter. The ratio of the pool in fraction A to total soil organic matter apparently remained constant through the input-output balance in the pool. The content of the labile pool in fraction B was the highest among the fields cultivated for 1 y after the slash and burn practice and it decreased in the course of the fallow period. The content of organic C was 548 mg kg-l in the fields cultivated for 1 y and 235 mg kg-l in the fallow fields for 8-15 y, respectively. There was a reverse relation between the contents of the pool in fraction B and microbial biomass. Therefore, the origin of the pool in fraction B was attributed to the microbial debris associated mainly with a decrease in the soil moisture content in the dry season. On the other hand, in the relatively intensive cultivation system, there was no significant difference in the contents of the labile pools both in fractions A and B among the land use stages, suggesting that the preservation mechanism of these pools, which was observed in the traditional cultivation system, did not operate well in the intensive system. In alternative farming systems in future, it will be essential to apply organic materials to soils to supply organic matter and to maintain the microbial biomass.

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“…Therefore the main effect of rhizobial inoculation, which enhanced nitrogen uptake of the N-fixing plant gliricidia (Table 2) [25]. Despite this high level of N recovery, the added organic matter was not completely decomposable due to the short cropping time which didn't allow complete mineralization of all biomass applied.…”

Section: Maize Cropping and N Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Crop N Uptake from Organic Material of <i>Gliricidia sepium </i>Coinoculated with <i>Rhizobium</i> and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus in Sub-Saharian Africa Sandy Soil

Diouf¹,

Ndiaye²,

Fall-Ndiaye³

et al. 2017

AJPS

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The effect of green manure of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp) leguminous plants applied for cereal maize cultivation and N uptake by cereal were investigated and analyzed in relation to influence of dual inoculation of gliricidia with microbial symbionts. Two pot experiments were conducted in greenhouse. The first trial was set up to enhance growth of gliricidia with exotic and indigenous rhizobial strains and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the second to determine the effect of gliricidia organic material on maize growth. Direct 15N-labelling techniques were used to estimate N-fixed by gliricidia plant and N uptake of maize cereal crop from green manuring was calculated. Growth of gliricidia trees estimated by aboveground biomass production and N fixed were positively affected by dual inoculations. This study showed that shoot dry weight and N accumulation of maize cultivated under gliricidia green manure were influenced by its application and indirectly by microbial treatments. The N recovery by the maize accounted 17.32% to 26.52% of N applied as gliricidia organic material. Gliricidia green manure N accumulation and release, and afterward microbial inoculations were substantially determining on maize crop N uptake and growth in sandy soil of Sub-Saharian Africa.

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Nitrogen dynamics of tropical agroforestry and annual cropping systems

Cited by 135 publications

References 24 publications

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Labile pools of organic matter and microbial biomass in the surface soils under shifting cultivation in northern Thailand

Maize Crop N Uptake from Organic Material of <i>Gliricidia sepium </i>Coinoculated with <i>Rhizobium</i> and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus in Sub-Saharian Africa Sandy Soil

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Nitrogen dynamics of tropical agroforestry and annual cropping systems

Cited by 135 publications

References 24 publications

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Labile pools of organic matter and microbial biomass in the surface soils under shifting cultivation in northern Thailand

Maize Crop N Uptake from Organic Material of &lt;i&gt;Gliricidia sepium &lt;/i&gt;Coinoculated with &lt;i&gt;Rhizobium&lt;/i&gt; and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus in Sub-Saharian Africa Sandy Soil

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Maize Crop N Uptake from Organic Material of <i>Gliricidia sepium </i>Coinoculated with <i>Rhizobium</i> and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus in Sub-Saharian Africa Sandy Soil