Nitrogen fertilization and yield formation of potato during a short growing period

Abstract

The effects various rates of nitrogen application on accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were studied during a short growing period of 140-180 days, at MTT Agrifood Research Finland in 2000-2001. The treatments were 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha -1 and the potato cultivars tested were Van Gogh and Nicola. Four successive harvests were made during the course of the experiment to monitor changes in the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen over the season. Applications of nitrogen substantially increased haulm dry matter accumulation and to an even greater extent their nitrogen contents. The highest dry matter values were generally registered at 120 kg N ha -1 . Dry matter and nitrogen content of haulms started to decline during the later part of season and most nitrogen was relocated to tubers. The results suggest that an application of only 60 kg N ha -1 was sufficient to promote rapid canopy development and there were only small reductions in dry matter and nitrogen accumulation until late in the season when the canopy started to senesce as nitrogen supply diminished. Tuber yield, plant dry matter and nitrogen accumulation at maturity were related to crop nitrogen supply. Although application of the high rate, 120 N kg ha -1 , resulted in a significant increase in dry matter accumulation, this was not reflected in the profit because the higher nitrogen application reduced dry matter content of tubers by 2.6% in 2000 and by 1.1% in 2001 relative to the use of 60 kg N ha -1 . Apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery values on a whole plant basis ranged from 53 to 75%. The proportion of fertilizer recovered in tubers clearly declined with increase in nitrogen supply.

Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars to Different Levels of Nitrogen

“…With more nitrogen, there is an increase in the number of leaves (photosynthetically active) as well as in the rate of leaf per plant due to more branching, particularly at the upper portion of the plant (Oliveira, 2000). Vos and Biemond (1992) and Mustonen et al (2010) showed that different nitrogen treatments resulted in plants that differed considerably in final dry weight and tuber yield. Generally Indian soil have been reported to be low in nitrogen, hence its supply through fertilizers may play an important role in crop production but indiscriminate use of them is hazardous to crop as well as for environment (Meena et al, 2017).…”

Dry matter accumulation and potato productivity with green manure

“…On the other hand, the lowest dry matter accumulation in the potato shoots with N0 and MN may be due to low availability of N for the tissues of this part of potato plants, causing premature defoliation under low doses of this nutrient (Goffart et al, 2008). The lowest dry mass in the shoots of potato after 65 DAP is due to early senescence of its leaves at the end of the cycle when photoassimilates are translocated to the tubers (Mustonen et al, 2010).…”

Teor e exportação de macro e micronutrientes nos tubérculos de cultivares de batata em função do nitrogênio

“…Os fotoassimilados, produzidos pela atividade fotossintéti-ca, são direcionados para o crescimento, sendo a partição para os tubérculos um dos fatores determinantes da produtividade da cultura da batata. A produção de matéria seca pela planta e a partição para os tubérculos são influenciados por diversos fatores, tais como interceptação luminosa (Harris, 1992), alta temperatura, por aumentar a senescência foliar e reduzir a capacidade fotossintética (Timlin et al, 2006), fotoperíodo (Haverkort e Verhagen, 2008), cultivar (Zebarth, et al, 2006;Geremew et al, 2007), época de cultivo (Mustonen et al, 2010), manejo da cultura (Geremew et al, 2007) e fertilização nitrogenada (Zebarth e Rosen, 2007). Na batata, há produção de matéria seca na parte aérea e nos tubérculos, que acumulam a maior quantidade, atingindo de 68% a 84% da biomassa total produzida pela planta (Sharifi et al, 2005;Nunes et al, 2006).…”