Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in<i>terra firme</i>forest and savanna soils on Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brazil

Marrs, Rob H.; Thompson, Jill; Scott, D.; Proctor, John

doi:10.1017/s0266467400005186

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the other hand they were higher than measurements at La Selva by Marrs et al ( 1988), marginally higher than measurements by Vitousek and Matson (1988), but within the range of measurements by Yavitt and Wieder (1988) for seasonal forests at Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Mineralization and nitrification rates were somewhat higher than those measured in terra firme forests on oxisols and ultisols by Vitousek and Matson (1988) in Brazil, but considerably higher than those measured by Marrs et al ( 1991 ). Both mineralization and nitrification rates measured in this study were much higher than those measured on any of the Venezuelan sites by Montagnini and Buschbacher (1989).…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrificationcontrasting

confidence: 70%

Tropical Rain Forest Conversion to Pasture: Changes in Vegetation and Soil Properties

Reiners¹,

Bouwman²,

Parsons³

et al. 1994

Ecological Applications

292

188

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The effects of converting lowland tropical rainforest to pasture, and of subsequent succession of pasture lands to secondary forest, were examined in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica. Three replicate sites of each of four land—use types representing this disturbance—recovery sequence were sampled for changes in vegetation, pedological properties, and potential nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. The four land—use types included primary forest, actively grazed pasture (10—36 yr old), abandoned pasture (abandoned 4—10 yr) and secondary forest (abandoned 10—20 yr). Conversion and succession had obvious and significant effects on canopy cover, canopy height, species composition, and species richness; it appeared that succession of secondary forests was proceeding toward a floristic composition like that of the primary forests. Significant changes in soil properties associated with conversion of forest to pasture included: (1) a decrease in acidity and increase in some base exchange properties, (2) an increase in bulk density and a concomitant decrease in porosity, (3) higher concentrations of NH4+, (4) lower concentrations of NO3—, (5) lower rates of N—mineralization, and (6) in some cases, lower rates of nitrification. Chemical changes involving cations associated with conversion from forest to pasture indicated increases in soil fertility under the pasture regimes, while changes associated with nitrogen indicated decreases in fertility. Physical changes in density and porosity were deleterious with respect to infiltration, percolation, aeration, and, ultimately, erodability. Beyond the practical aspects of land management, many of these changes are very important to carbon and nitrogen cycling and to the emission and consumption of biogenic trace gases.

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Section: Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrificationcontrasting

confidence: 70%

Tropical Rain Forest Conversion to Pasture: Changes in Vegetation and Soil Properties

Reiners¹,

Bouwman²,

Parsons³

et al. 1994

Ecological Applications

292

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many other studies have also failed to tease apart whether water stress, nutrient deficiency, or both contribute to the floristically distinct vegetation in kerangas forests (Bru¨nig 1971;Richards 1996;Moran et al 2000). The two variables often covary, and soil water availability may limit soil fertility (Marrs et al 1991;Burslem et al 1996).…”

Section: Floristic Patterns Associated With Habitat Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liana habitat associations and community structure in a Bornean lowland tropical forest

et al. 2006

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Lianas (woody vines) contribute substantially to the diversity and structure of most tropical forests, yet little is known about the importance of habitat specialization in maintaining tropical liana diversity and the causes of variation among forests in liana abundance and species composition. We examined habitat associations, species diversity, species composition, and community structure of lianas at Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia in northeastern Borneo among three soil types that give rise to three distinct forest types of lowland tropical rain forest: alluvial, sandstone hill, and kerangas (heath) forest. Alluvial soils are more nutrient rich and have higher soil moisture than sandstone soils, whereas kerangas soils are the most nutrient poor and drought prone. Lianas ‡0.5-cm in diameter were measured, tagged, and identified to species in three square 0.25-ha plots in each forest type. The number of lianas ‡0.5 cm did not differ significantly among forest types and averaged 1348 lianas ha )1 , but mean liana stem diameter, basal area, estimated biomass, species richness, and Fisher's a diversity index were all greater for plots in alluvial than sandstone or kerangas forests. Liana species composition also differed greatly among the three habitats, with 71% of species showing significant positive or negative habitat associations. Sandstone forests were intermediate to alluvial and kerangas forests in most aspects of liana community structure and composition, and fewer species showed significant habitat associations with this forest type. Ranking of forest types with respect to liana density, biomass, and diversity matches the ranking in soil fertility and water availability (alluvial > sandstone hill > kerangas). These results suggest that edaphic factors play an important role in maintaining liana species diversity and structuring liana communities.

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“…For certain species, microsites with both high moisture availability and low root competition seem to be more decisive for recruitment (Gerhardt & Hytteborn 1992). For example, N and P might be limited as the rate of N mineralization is dependent upon soil water status (Marrs et al 1991). For example, N and P might be limited as the rate of N mineralization is dependent upon soil water status (Marrs et al 1991).…”

Section: Soil Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of seed and seedling growth for conservation and restoration of tropical dry forest : a review

2001

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Dry forests are among the most threatened ecosystems and have been extensively converted into grasslands, secondary forest, savanna or agricultural land. Knowledge of seed germination and seedling establishment is required for the success of efforts on restoration of these forests. This review focuses on the ecological requirements at seed and seedling stages, and collates the current knowledge of seed viability, dormancy, germination pattern and seedling behaviour of dry tropical tree species. The spatio-temporal variations within the tropical dry forest biome in soil moisture, light, temperature, nutrients and intensity of predation, significantly affect the seed and seedling traits of component species. The majority of dry tropical species possess orthodox seeds which are characterized by dormancy, while a few have recalcitrant seeds which possess little or no dormancy. Seed coat dormancy, which can be overcome by mechanical or acid scarification or sometimes by transit through animal guts, is most prevalent in the dry tropical forest species. Persistent species dominating the undisturbed portions of the forest have bigger seeds compared to those that mostly occur in disturbed regions and require shade for the survival of their seedlings. Shade demand is associated with drought endurance, and may be absolute in species such as Guettarda parviflora and Coccoloba microstachya, or facultative as in Plumeria alba and Bursera simaruba. The fluctuation in temperature significantly affects seed germination in several species of dry Afromontane forest trees of Ethiopia. Seedling mortality is primarily a function of moisture stress during the dry period. Adaptive responses of seedlings to drought stress include increased chlorophyll content, for example in Acacia catechu, and root biomass, as in several dry forest species (for example Drypetes parvifolia, Teclia verdoornia) of Ghana. Mulching, application of fertilizers, interplanting of leguminous species and mycorrhizal inoculation are useful tools for promoting seedling establishment in nutrient-poor dry tropical soils. Periodic forest fires, and predation affect recruitment and seedling development according to their intensity. Many species experiencing frequent fires have evolved thick seed coats, produce fire-hardy seedlings, or escape the effect by temporal separation of seed dispersal and fire events. Predation may result in abortion of fruits or may enhance germination and recruitment by scarification and dispersal, as in most species of the Guanacaste dry forest. Exposure to elevated CO 2 has increased relative growth rate, total leaf area and water use efficiency in most of the dry tropical seedlings tested, but the magnitude of the effect has varied markedly among species. Due to the availability of a large source of energy, large seeds show higher germination percentage, greater seedling survival and increased growth. Seeds originating from different provenances exhibit differences in germination and seedling growth (for example Prosopis cineraria, Albizia...

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Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification interra firmeforest and savanna soils on Ilha de Maracá, Roraima, Brazil

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Tropical Rain Forest Conversion to Pasture: Changes in Vegetation and Soil Properties

Tropical Rain Forest Conversion to Pasture: Changes in Vegetation and Soil Properties

Liana habitat associations and community structure in a Bornean lowland tropical forest

Ecology of seed and seedling growth for conservation and restoration of tropical dry forest : a review

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