Nitrogen Phytoremediation by Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms)

Abstract

The phytoremediation potential of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, was examined in two independent studies under nitrogen (N) rates of 0, 40, 80, 100, 150, 200, and 300 ppm. A modified Hoagland solution was added to ponds containing water hyacinths which were rated and measured weekly for 4 weeks. The hyacinths accounted for 60-85% of the N removed from solution. Net productivity, as measured by dry matter gain, increased with an increase in N rate until 80 ppm. Above that level dry matter productivity was similar. Tissue N increased linearly with dry matter gain, but total nitrogen removal from the water increased exponentially with net dry matter gain or with an increase in canopy cover. The relation between total N in plant tissue and N removal from the water was similar for the two experiments.

Review of Ecological Floating Bed Restoration in Polluted Water

“…Cress has a strong capacity of purifying eutrophic water, its removal rates of TN and TP reached 76.86% and 90.45% at 20 days treatment [3]. There was a positive correlation between EFB's removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in water and plants' growth speed, concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in water [10,11].…”

“…Within the threshold that may cause death, the greater water pollutants' concentration was, the stronger floating bed plants' absorbing ability of pollutants was [47]. The research on using water hyacinth to purify the water which contained 0, 40, 80, 100, 150 and 200 mg·L −1 nitrogen showed that with the increase of nitrogen's concentration, water hyacinth's removal amount of nitrogen increased, and the corresponding removal amount was 0.47, 5.69, 9.31, 11.86, 16.97, 22.13 mg·L −1 [48]. The research on water hyacinth's enrichments of 0 -4 mg·L…”

Phytoremediation of Eutrophic Waters

“…The potential of aquatic plants for phytoremediation of various pollutants in water has been determined (Xia and Xiangjuan 2006 ;Mishra et al 2007 ). Aquatic plants are reported for their effi ciency to remove about 60-80 % nitrogen (Fox et al 2008 ) and about 69 % of potassium from water (Zhou et al 2007 ). The pH and temperature signifi cantly control the bio removal of nutrients from waters using aquatic plants (Uysal and Fadime 2009 ).…”

Fenced cultivation of water hyacinth for cyanobacterial bloom control

“…It is notorious as one of the world's worst noxious invasive weed due to its tremendously vigorous growth rate (Mishra and Tripathi 2009) and depends on its peculiar physiological characteristics and nutrient absorption efficiency (Paganetto et al 2001). However, these just were the reasons for using it in phytoremediation technology on nutrient removal (Fox et al 2008;Chavan and Dhulap 2012). On the one hand, uncontrolled dense water hyacinth mats over water surface were considered as a nuisance for obstructing navigation, irrigation, and fishing and causing blockage of drainage systems as well as hampering recreational activities (Khaket et al 2012), causing significant ecological and socioeconomic impacts in areas of introduction (Fan et al 2013).…”