Nitrogen Sustains Seed Yield of Quinoa Under Intermediate Drought

Alandia, Gabriela; Jacobsen, Sven‐Erik; Kyvsgaard, N.C.; Condori, Bruno; Liu, Fulai

doi:10.1111/jac.12155

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, the i WUE measuring photosynthetic water usage was affected significantly with N and W treatment combinations during the progress of senescence. Our results are consistent with those previously reported for quinoa (Alandia et al, 2016), which indicate that plants at LNS display poorer control over water loss than those under HNS conditions. However, we found that water control responses were also dependent on genotype, showing Faro and UdeC9 the higher values of i WUE than the southern genotype (BO78).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Nitrogen Supply Affects Photosynthesis and Photoprotective Attributes During Drought-Induced Senescence in Quinoa

et al. 2018

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Drought during senescence has become more common in Mediterranean climates in recent years. Chenopodium quinoa Willd has been identified as tolerant to poor soil conditions and drought. Previous observations have found that sufficient nitrogen (N) supply mitigates yield losses under terminal drought conditions. However, there is no understanding of the mechanisms behind this effect. We hypothesized that N up-regulates both photosynthetic and photoprotective elements during drought-induced senescence, alleviating the negative impact of drought on yield. The role of N supply and terminal drought on photoprotection was tested using three Chilean quinoa genotypes from different climatic zones: Faro, UdeC9, and BO78. Plants were grown under high nitrogen (HN) or low nitrogen (LN) conditions and subjected to terminal drought at the onset of senescence. Photosynthetic and photochemical and non-photochemical processes were evaluated at both the onset of drought and after 15 days of drought conditions. N supplementation modified most of the physiological parameters related to photochemical dissipation of energy, photosynthesis, and yield in quinoa. In contrast, water restriction did not affect photosynthesis in quinoa, and its effect on yield was dependent on the genotype. A significant interaction N × G was observed in photosynthesis, relative water content, protein content, Fv/Fm, and chlorophylls. In general, Faro was able to maintain higher levels of these attributes under LN conditions than UdeC9 and BO78. In addition, the interacting effects of N × W regulated the level of most pigments in quinoa as well as the photoprotective induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) during senescence. During terminal drought at LN conditions, Faro presented a larger NPQ induction under drought conditions than UdeC9 and BO78, which was supported by a larger zeaxanthin content and de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll pool. Interestingly, BO78 did not induce NPQ in response to drought-induced senescence but instead enhanced the content of betacyanins. This response needs to be researched in future works. Finally, we observed that LN supply reduced the correlationship between the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle and NPQ. This could be an indication that N supply not only compromised the capacity for photosynthetic performance in quinoa plants, but also affected the plasticity of thermal dissipation, restricting further changes during drought-induced senescence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In water-stressed quinoa, N confers a certain degree of tolerance-regulating abscisic acid (ABA) concentration and stomatal closure (Alandia et al, 2016). However, the physiological mechanisms for coping with drought under limiting N supplementation have garnered little attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Supply Affects Photosynthesis and Photoprotective Attributes During Drought-Induced Senescence in Quinoa

et al. 2018

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“…Drought induces structural changes in photosynthetic machinery; rapid stomatal closure causes reduced gas exchange which eventually declined the photosynthetic activity in plants. Many studies on quinoa reported that stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content index significantly decreased under drought stress (Alandia et al, 2016;Fghire et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2016). However, the intensity and consequences of these changes on plant metabolism depend on degree of stress and crop variety and also influenced by environmental conditions.…”

Section: Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After this, significant research efforts has increased its experimentation and cultivation from 24% to 48% in UN countries (Bazile, Jacobsen, & Verniau, ). Quinoa is called a climate‐proof crop that grows under adverse environmental conditions such as drought (Alandia, Jacobsen, Kyvsgaard, Condori, & Liu, ; Bascuñán‐Godoy, Reguera, Abdel‐Tawab, & Blumwald, ; Jacobsen, Mujica, & Jensen, ), salinity (Jacobsen et al., ; Shabala, Hariadi, & Jacobsen, ; Shabala et al., ), chilling stress (−8°C for 2–4 hr) and in poor soils (Jacobsen et al., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide application improves quinoa performance by affecting physiological and biochemical mechanisms under water‐deficit conditions

Iqbal

Chen

Waqas

et al. 2018

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Quinoa performance reduces under water‐limited conditions and can be improved through exogenous application of stress signalling molecule such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study was conducted to elucidate the role of H2O2 in quinoa at two water regimes maintained as full irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC~28% soil volumetric water contents; SVWC) and at 60% FC (~17% SVWC) as drought stress. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations, that is 80 mm for seed priming and 15 mm as foliar spray, were used from our preliminary experiments. Drought stress significantly reduced the plant growth, water status, photosynthetic activity and increased reactive oxygen species production (H2O2 and O2•−) resulting in higher oxidative damage in quinoa. Exogenous applied H2O2 as priming agent improved emergence attributes by earlier emergence and made quinoa more tolerant to upcoming drought stress. Nevertheless, exogenously applied H2O2 exhibited significantly higher stomatal conductance (34%), transpiration rate (39%), photosynthetic rate (42%), chlorophyll content index (36%), proline (19%) and total soluble sugar contents (14%) with respect to non‐treated plants under water‐deficit conditions. The H2O2 application regulated the Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration under both conditions and reduced it by 30% in drought‐stressed plants as compared to non‐treated stressed plants. The exogenous application also enhanced the enzymatic antioxidants activities, including SOD, POD, CAT and APX by 32%, 31%, 34% and 53%, respectively, in quinoa plants under drought stress. We conclude that exogenous applied H2O2 improved quinoa performance under drought stress is associated with higher accumulation of osmolytes, regulating ABA level and enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities.

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“…In Bolivia, for instance, average yield under naturally occuring extreme climatic conditions are less than 500 kg ha À1 , but under experimental conditions 3 t ha À1 may be obtained (Jacobsen et al 2006, Jacobsen 2011, 2012. Quinoa is a crop which can profit from relatively high levels of N-application under North European conditions (Jacobsen et al 2005b, Alandia et al 2016, Ørum et al 2016. Split N-application is apparently not an advantage for a fast developing species as quinoa.…”

Section: Seed Yield and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Agronomic Strategies for Organic Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Jacobsen

Christiansen

2016

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Quinoa is a potential new seed crop for protein feed and human consumption in Europe, with tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. For this purpose the study was planned to analyse the effect of important agronomic strategies like nitrogen level, N application strategy, row spacing and harvest time on yield and quality of quinoa. The experiments took place in the field of the experimental station of the Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen. Three levels of organic nitrogen from slurry was used (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha À1 ), supplied either all at once at sowing, or split between sowing and beginning of the reproductive phase. The effect of row spacing and harvest time was studied by harvesting seeds at seed maturity, which occurred 2-3 weeks prior to the mechanical harvest by threshing, and a couple of months after. Yield increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with an application up to 180 kg N ha À1 , reaching 2200 kg ha À1 . Increasing N also caused a significantly increased seed weight (up to 3.3 mg) and protein content (up to 17 %). N level did not affect number and amount of weeds. Split application with part of the N applied at bud formation did not have a significant effect on yield. Delayed harvest had a negative influence on seed weight, whereas protein content was stable after harvesting even a month after seed maturity. A late harvest significantly reduced seed germination, being reduced by 50 % after a 2-month delay. A conclusion from this study is that both yield and protein content of seed can be manipulated by N level and application strategy. Harvest time is important for securing a high seed quality measured as seed germination, seed weight and protein content. A fast germination of quinoa is an important characteristic demonstrating that the crop has good possibilities for being well-established in the field when free from weeds at the time of sowing. The choice of row spacing is important and depends on weed control method. Weed control strategy should be developed based on modern precision tools.

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Nitrogen Sustains Seed Yield of Quinoa Under Intermediate Drought

Cited by 47 publications

References 34 publications

Nitrogen Supply Affects Photosynthesis and Photoprotective Attributes During Drought-Induced Senescence in Quinoa

Nitrogen Supply Affects Photosynthesis and Photoprotective Attributes During Drought-Induced Senescence in Quinoa

Hydrogen peroxide application improves quinoa performance by affecting physiological and biochemical mechanisms under water‐deficit conditions

Some Agronomic Strategies for Organic Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

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