Nitrosamines in new motor-cars

Rounbehler, David P.; Reisch, J. W.; Fine, David H.

doi:10.1016/0015-6264(80)90068-1

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is cured using rapid or ultra-rapid accelerators based on thiurame and carbamate compounds which are easily nitrosated when in contact with nitrites of the bath. The emission of nitrosamines by door sealing strips after manufacturing could explain the presence of nitrosamines in new cars, as was been reported some years ago in the USA [12]. It should be noted that in one of the ®rms a production line used à`g reen salt'' nitrate bath (potassium and lithium nitrates at 235°C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Assessment of exposure to carcinogenic N -nitrosamines in the rubber industry

Oury

Limasset

Protois

1997

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Exposures to volatile nitrosamines were measured at 24 rubber manufacturing plants from 1992 to 1995. A total of 709 exposure measurements were taken in general areas or personal breathing zones to estimate exposure according to production types (seals, joints, tyres, gloves, etc.) and production steps, from mixing to storage. Five different nitrosamines were identified. N-Nitrosodimethylamine is the most frequently encountered nitrosamine and represents the most important fraction of the total nitrosamine concentration measured in a given sample. This fact is consistent with the use of rubber additives containing corresponding amine precursors. One hundred and forty-one of the 709 values exceeded the German target value (TRK) of 2.5 micrograms/m3 for all nitrosamines present from rubber vulcanisation, the only available standard for occupational nitrosamine exposures. The salt bath curing process generates particularly high nitrosamine levels, 90% of the 96 measurements being over the TRK, with many values exceeding 20 micrograms/m3. The reasons why the TRK is exceeded are generally well identified. To reduce nitrosamine emission levels it would be advisable to eliminate nitrogen oxide sources, principally by using a process other than salt bath curing, and to develop different rubber stocks that do not contain secondary aliphatic amine functional groups ("safe amines").

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Assessment of exposure to carcinogenic N -nitrosamines in the rubber industry

Oury

Limasset

Protois

1997

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…5 The formation and occurrence of nitrosamines in the rubber industry depend on the production method and sampling area. N -Nitrosamines have been found in new car interiors, 14 tire retail shops, and tire storage areas. 15 The highest concentration of N -nitrosamines was found in the atmospheres where vulcanization and the associated post- treatment are performed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemiresistive Carbon Nanotube Sensors for N-Nitrosodialkylamines

Croy

Essigmann

et al. 2019

ACS Sens.

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N-nitrosamines are environmental genotoxicants that are widely encountered in air, water, and food. Contamination of indoor and outdoor air with N-nitrosamines has been reported on many occasions. Conventional detection of airborne N-nitrosamines requires sophisticated instrumentation, field sampling, and laboratory analysis. Herein, we report ultra-sensitive carbon nanotube based chemiresistive sensors utilizing a Cobalt (III) tetraphenylporphyrin selector element for the detection of N-nitrosamines. Concentrations as low as 1 part per billion (ppb), of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) were detected. We also demonstrate the integration of these sensors with a field deployable sensing node wherein the sensor response can be read online remotely.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] High nonoccupational levels of exposure have been reported during the consumption of smokeless or burned tobacco. [12][13][14][15] Inhalation of N-nitrosamines in general environment air is very low.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%