Nitrosative stress and cytokines are linked with the severity of sepsis and organ dysfunction

Kumar, Sukriti; Gupta, Ena; Srivastava, Vijay Kumar; Kaushik, Saroj; Saxena, Juhi; Goyal, Laxmi Kant; Mehta, Sudhir; Jyoti, Anupam

doi:10.1080/09674845.2018.1543160

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In a study by Kumar et al looking at septic patients with confirmed bacterial infections, neutrophils were found to have increased iNOS activity. Nitrite, a metabolite of NO, was measured in the plasma and found to inversely correlate with lung function [68]. While lung function was likely impacted by other aspects in this severe pathological condition, these findings emphasize the potency of a neutrophilic response in impacting the function of organs such as the lungs.…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Neutrophil Adaptations upon Recruitment to the Lung: New Concepts and Implications for Homeostasis and Disease

Giacalone

Margaroli

Mall

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Neutrophils have a prominent role in all human immune responses against any type of pathogen or stimulus. The lungs are a major neutrophil reservoir and neutrophilic inflammation is a primary response to both infectious and non-infectious challenges. While neutrophils are well known for their essential role in clearance of bacteria, they are also equipped with specific mechanisms to counter viruses and fungi. When these defense mechanisms become aberrantly activated in the absence of infection, this commonly results in debilitating chronic lung inflammation. Clearance of bacteria by phagocytosis is the hallmark role of neutrophils and has been studied extensively. New studies on neutrophil biology have revealed that this leukocyte subset is highly adaptable and fulfills diverse roles. Of special interest is how these adaptations can impact the outcome of an immune response in the lungs due to their potent capacity for clearing infection and causing damage to host tissue. The adaptability of neutrophils and their propensity to influence the outcome of immune responses implicates them as a much-needed target of future immunomodulatory therapies. This review highlights the recent advances elucidating the mechanisms of neutrophilic inflammation, with a focus on the lung environment due to the immense and growing public health burden of chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute lung inflammatory diseases such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).

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Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Neutrophil Adaptations upon Recruitment to the Lung: New Concepts and Implications for Homeostasis and Disease

Giacalone

Margaroli

Mall

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…The increase of NO is related to the induction of iNOS in macrophages, neutrophils, and in affected tissues, so its elevated expression at the plasma level is more related to the inflammatory process at the systemic level and organ dysfunction. 57 COX-2 is an inducible enzyme involved in inflammation and is responsible for the production of prostaglandins involved in the recovery of gastric ulcers. 58,59 The expression of COX-2 may be induced in response to proinflammatory factors (IL-1a, IL-1b, TNFa, INFc), with the consequent expression of COX-2 in the areas of injury, increasing the intensity of the immunohistochemical signal with the severity of tissue damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioelectric, tissue, and molecular characteristics of the gastric mucosa at different times of ischemia

Peña-Mercado

García-Lorenzana

César

et al. 2021

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Gastrointestinal ischemia may be presented as a complication associated with late shock detection in patients in critical condition. Prolonged ischemia can cause mucosal integrity to lose its barrier function, triggering alterations that can induce organ dysfunction and lead to death. Electrical impedance spectroscopy has been proposed to identify early alteration in ischemia-induced gastric mucosa in this type of patients. This work analyzed changes in impedance parameters, and tissue and molecular alterations that allow us to identify the time of ischemia in which the gastric mucosa still maintains its barrier function. The animals were randomly distributed in four groups: Control, Ischemia 60, 90, and 120 min. Impedance parameters were measured and predictive values were determined to categorize the degree of injury using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Markers of inflammatory process and apoptosis (iNOS, TNFα, COX-2, and Caspase-3) were analyzed. The largest increase in impedance parameters occurred in the ischemia 90 and 120 min groups, with resistance at low frequencies (RL) and reactance at high frequencies (XH) being the most related to damage, allowing prediction of the occurrence of reversible and irreversible tissue damage. Histological analysis and apoptosis assay showed progressive mucosal deterioration with irreversible damage ( p < 0.001) starting from 90 min of ischemia. Furthermore, a significant increase in the expression of iNOS, TNFα, and COX-2 was identified in addition to apoptosis in the gastric mucosa starting from 90 min of ischemia. Tissue damage generated by an ischemia time greater than 60 min induces loss of barrier function in the gastric mucosa.

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“…Septicaemia is one of the most life-threatening acute illness, and is linked to numerous altered haematology (WBCC, neutrophils, platelets), immunology (cytokines) and clinical chemistry (creatinine, acid/ base) indices. Kumar and colleagues provided evidence suggesting that at least part of the cellular and tissue damage is the consequence of neutrophilderived reactive nitrous oxidative stress, pointing to potential therapies [31].…”

Section: Haematology and Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

British Journal of Biomedical Science in 2019. What have we learned?

Blann

2019

British Journal of Biomedical Science

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In 2019 the British Journal of Biomedical Science published 40 articles in the various disciplines that comprise biomedical science. These were one review, 22 original articles and 17 'In Brief' short reports. Of those citing original data, the majority were in cellular pathology (14 papers), clinical chemistry (9 papers), and microbiology (6 papers: 4 in bacteriology and 2 in virology). There were 3 papers in haematology and 2 in andrology, whilst 5 papers crossed traditional discipline boundaries (such as the molecular genetics of IL6, liver function tests, and hepatocellular carcinoma). Over two-thirds of papers used techniques in molecular genetics. The present report will summarise key aspects of these publications that are of greatest relevance to laboratory scientists.

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Nitrosative stress and cytokines are linked with the severity of sepsis and organ dysfunction

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Neutrophil Adaptations upon Recruitment to the Lung: New Concepts and Implications for Homeostasis and Disease

Neutrophil Adaptations upon Recruitment to the Lung: New Concepts and Implications for Homeostasis and Disease

Bioelectric, tissue, and molecular characteristics of the gastric mucosa at different times of ischemia

British Journal of Biomedical Science in 2019. What have we learned?

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