Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

Schils, R.L.M.; Groenigen, J.W. van; Velthof, G.L.; Kuikman, P.J.

doi:10.1007/s11104-008-9632-2

Cited by 58 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In line with investigations from Schils et al (2008) most of the applied and produced N min was probably rapidly absorbed by the grassland as the soil N min content usually decreased within a few days after fertilizer application (Fig. 2b and c).…”

Section: Fertilizer Effect On N-use Efficiency and Grass Yieldsupporting

confidence: 88%

Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils

Eickenscheidt

Freibauer²,

Heinichen

et al. 2014

Biogeosciences

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Abstract.A change in German energy policy has resulted in a strong increase in the number of biogas plants in Germany. As a consequence, huge amounts of nutrient-rich residues, the by-products of the fermentative process, are used as organic fertilizers. Drained peatlands are increasingly used to satisfy the huge demand for fermentative substrates (e.g., energy crops, grass silage) and the digestate is returned to the peatlands. However, drained organic soils are considered as hot spots for nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and organic fertilization is additionally known to increase N 2 O emissions from managed grasslands. Our study addressed the questions (a) to what extent biogas digestate and cattle slurry application increase N 2 O and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes as well as the mineral nitrogen use efficiency (NUE min ) and grass yield, and (b) how different soil organic matter contents (SOMs) and nitrogen contents promote the production of N 2 O. In addition NH 3 volatilization was determined at one application event to obtain first clues with respect to the effects of soil and fertilizer types. The study was conducted at two sites within a grassland parcel, which differed in their soil organic carbon (SOC) and N contents. At each site (named C orgmedium and C org -high) three plots were established: one was fertilized five times with biogas digestate, one with cattle slurry, and the third served as control plot. On each plot, fluxes of N 2 O and CH 4 were measured on three replicates over 2 years using the closed chamber method. For NH 3 measurements we used the calibrated dynamic chamber method. On an annual basis, the application of biogas digestate significantly enhanced the N 2 O fluxes compared to the application of cattle slurry and additionally increased the plant N-uptake and NUE min . Furthermore, N 2 O fluxes from the C org -high treatments significantly exceeded N 2 O fluxes from the C org -medium treatments. Annual cumulative emissions ranged from 0.91 ± 0.49 to 3.14 ± 0.91 kg N ha −1 yr −1 . Significantly different CH 4 fluxes between the investigated treatments or the different soil types were not observed. Cumulative annual CH 4 exchange rates varied between −0.21±0.19 and −1.06 ± 0.46 kg C ha −1 yr −1 . Significantly higher NH 3 losses, NUE min and grass yields from treatments fertilized with biogas digestate compared to those fertilized with cattle slurry were observed. The total NH 3 losses following the splash plate application were 18.17 kg N ha −1 for the digestate treatments and 3.48 kg N ha −1 for the slurry treatments (36 and 15 % of applied NH

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Section: Fertilizer Effect On N-use Efficiency and Grass Yieldsupporting

confidence: 88%

Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils

Eickenscheidt

Freibauer²,

Heinichen

et al. 2014

Biogeosciences

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“…The content of DON is calculated as the difference between the contents of total N and mineral N. Dissolved organic C (DOC) in the 0.01 M CaCl 2 extract was determined using a TOC/DOC analyzer (Houba et al 2000). Dry bulk density was measured on undisturbed soil samples in 100 cm 3 metal rings taken from the 10-15 cm layers of the renovation treatments T1, T2, T3, and T5 and N treatment N3 in duplicate once in Fluxes of N 2 O were measured using a closed flux chamber technique, as described by Schils et al (2008). The chambers (PVC cylinders) had a diameter of 18.6 cm and height of 15 cm (after inserting 3 cm into the soil).…”

Section: Soil Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands

Velthof

Hoving²,

Dolfing

et al. 2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Managed grasslands are occasionally ploughed up and reseeded in order to maintain or increase the sward productivity. It has been reported that this renovation of grassland is associated with a flush of soil organic nitrogen (N) mineralization and with a temporary increase in soil mineral N contents. Here, we report on the effects of method and time of grassland renovation on herbage yield, nitrate (NO 3 -) leaching and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (two sandy soils and a clay soil) in the Netherlands for three years. Renovation of grassland increased the percentage of Perennial ryegrass from 48-70% up to more than 90%. However, averaged over three years, dry matter yields were higher for the reference (not reseeded) swards (on average 13.6 Mg ha -1 for the highest N application rate) than for the renovated grasslands (12.2-13.1 Mg ha -1 dry matter). Grassland renovation in April did not increase N leaching in comparison to the reference. However, renovation in September increased the risk of leaching, because mineral N contents in the 0-90 cm were in November on average 46-77 kg N ha -1 higher than in the reference. Contents of dissolved organic N (DON) in the soil were not affected by renovation. Renovation increased N 2 O emissions by a factor of 1.8-3.0 relative to the reference grassland. Emissions of N 2 O were on average higher after renovation in April (8.2 kg N 2 O-N ha -1 ) than in September (5.8 kg N 2 O-N ha -1 ). Renovation without ploughing (i.e. only chemically destruction of the sward) resulted in a lower percentage of perennial ryegrass (60-84%) than with ploughing ([90%). Moreover, N 2 O emissions were higher after renovation without ploughing than with ploughing. Clearly, farmers need better recommendations and tools for determining when grassland renovation has beneficial agronomic effects. Losses of N via leaching and N 2 O emission after renovation can probably not be avoided, but renovation in spring in stead of autumn in combination with ploughing and proper timing of fertilizer application can minimize N losses.

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“…Nitrous oxide is produced in soils through microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification [4] and is released from manure and urine excreta [4,9], from fertilizer and manure slurry applied for crop/pasture production and aerobic and anaerobic degradation of livestock manure/waste in the lagoons and dry manure pile [9,10]. Chadwick et al [3] also reported that immediate emissions of N 2 O from the beef manure was likely due to rapid nitrification of ammonium or denitrification of nitrate already in the beef manure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ground Level Area Sources in Dairy and Cattle Feedyard Operations

et al. 2011

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A protocol that consisted of an isolation flux chamber and a portable gas chromatograph was used to directly quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at a dairy and a feedyard operation in the Texas Panhandle. Field sampling campaigns were performed 5 consecutive days only during daylight hours from 9:00 am to 7:00 pm each day. The objective of this research was to quantify and compare GHG emission rates (ERs) from ground level area sources (GLAS) at dairy and cattle feedyard operations during the summer. A total of 74 air samples using flux chamber were collected from the barn (manure lane and bedding area), loafing pen, open lot, settling basin, lagoons, and compost pile within the dairy operation. For the cattle feedyard, a total of 87 air samples were collected from four corner pens of a large feedlot, runoff holding pond, and compost pile. Three primary GHGs (methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) were measured and quantified from both operations. The aggregate estimated ERs for CH 4 , CO 2 , and N 2 O were 836, 5573, 3.4 g hd(collectively 27.5 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) hd), respectively, at the dairy operation. The aggregate ERs for CH 4 , CO 2 , and N 2 O were 3.8, 1399, 0.68 g hd(1.7 kg CO 2 e hd), respectively, from the feedyard. The estimated USEPA GHG ERs were about 13.2 and 1.16 kg CO 2 e hd, respectively, for dairy and feedyard operations. Aggregate CH 4 , CO 2 and N 2 O ERs at the dairy facility were about 219, 4 and 5 times higher, respectively, than those at the feedyard. OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2011, 2 304At the dairy, average CH 4 ERs estimated from the settling basin, primary and secondary lagoons were significantly higher than those from the other GLAS, contributing about 98% of the aggregate CH 4 emission. The runoff holding pond and pen surface of the feedyard contributed about 99% of the aggregate CH 4 emission. Average CO 2 and N 2 O ERs estimated from the pen surface area were significantly higher than those estimated from the compost pile and runoff pond. The pen surface alone contributed about 93% and 84% of the aggregate CO 2 and N 2 O emission, respectively. Abatement and management practices that address GHG emissions from these sources will likely be most effective for reducing facility emissions.

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Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils

Short-term effects of biogas digestate and cattle slurry application on greenhouse gas emissions affected by N availability from grasslands on drained fen peatlands and associated organic soils

Method and timing of grassland renovation affects herbage yield, nitrate leaching, and nitrous oxide emission in intensively managed grasslands

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ground Level Area Sources in Dairy and Cattle Feedyard Operations

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