Nitrous oxide flux from dry tropical forests

Vitousek, Peter M.; Matson, Pamela A.; Volkmann, Carol M.; Maass, J. Manuel; García, G. A. Galindo

doi:10.1029/gb003i004p00375

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…At the PF and SF site, the coefficients of variation (c v ) for N 2 O emissions of the entire measurement period (daily aggregated and analysed for any single chamber) ranged from 35% to 62% (Table 2). The observed variations in N 2 O emissions this study are within the c v -range of 14-125% reported for tropical rainforests soils in Queensland, Australia (Breuer et al 2000;Kiese and Butterbach-Bahl 2002;Butterbach-Bahl et al 2004b), but lower than the range of 94-195% reported for tropical rain forest soils in Amazonia (Vitousek et al 1989;Verchot et al 1999). Despite the fact that the rubber plantation was fertilised with approximately 55 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , weighted mean N 2 O emission fluxes of the RP site were significantly lower than those observed at the nearby SF site or at the PF site.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from seasonal tropical rainforests and a rubber plantation in Southwest China

Werner¹,

et al. 2006

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The main focus of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil moisture and temperature on temporal variation of N 2 O, CO 2 and CH 4 soil-atmosphere exchange at a primary seasonal tropical rainforest (PF) site in Southwest China and to compare these fluxes with fluxes from a secondary forest (SF) and a rubber plantation (RP) site. Agroforestry systems, such as rubber plantations, are increasingly replacing primary and secondary forest systems in tropical Southwest China and thus effect the N 2 O emission in these regions on a landscape level. The mean N 2 O emission at site PF was 6.0 ± 0.1 SE lg N m -2 h -1 . Fluxes of N 2 O increased from <5 lg N m -2 h -1 during dry season conditions to up to 24.5 lg N m -2 h -1 with rewetting of the soil by the onset of first rainfall events. Comparable fluxes of N 2 O were measured in the SF and RP sites, where mean N 2 O emissions were 7.3 ± 0.7 SE lg N m -2 h -1 and 4.1 ± 0.5 SE lg N m -2 h -1 , respectively. The dependency of N 2 O fluxes on soil moisture levels was demonstrated in a watering experiment, however, artificial rainfall only influenced the timing of N 2 O emission peaks, not the total amount of N 2 O emitted. For all sites, significant positive correlations existed between N 2 O emissions and both soil moisture and soil temperature. Mean CH 4 uptake rates were highest at the PF site (-29.5 ± 0.3 SE lg C m -2 h -1 ), slightly lower at the SF site (-25.6 ± 1.3 SE lg C m -2 h -1 ) and lowest for the RP site (-5.7 ± 0.5 SE lg C m -2 h -1 ). At all sites, CH 4 uptake rates were negatively correlated with soil moisture, which was also reflected in the lower uptake rates measured in the watering experiment. In contrast to N 2 O emissions, CH 4 uptake did not significantly correlate with soil temperature at the SF and RP sites, and only weakly correlated at the PF site. Over the 2 month measurement period, CO 2 emissions at the PF site increased significantly from 50 mg C m -2 h -1 up to 100 mg C m -2 h -1 (mean value 68.8 ± 0.8 SE mg C m -2 h -1 ), whereas CO 2 emissions at the SF and RP site where quite stable and varied only slightly around mean values of 38.0 ± 1.8 SE mg C m -2 h -1 (SF) and 34.9 ± 1.1 SE mg C m -2 h -1 (RP). content could be demonstrated for all sites, thus, the watering experiment revealed significantly higher CO 2 emissions as compared to control chambers. Correlation of CO 2 emissions with soil temperature was significant at the PF site, but weak at the SF and not evident at the RP site. Even though we demonstrated that N and C trace gas fluxes significantly varied on subdaily and daily scales, weekly measurements would be sufficient if only the sink/ source strength of non-managed tropical forest sites needs to be identified.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from seasonal tropical rainforests and a rubber plantation in Southwest China

Werner¹,

et al. 2006

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“…This huge dataset allowed us (1) to identify short‐term changes in the magnitude of N 2 O emissions, (2) to demonstrate seasonal variability of N 2 O emissions with a hitherto unknown time resolution and (3) to calculate precise annual loss rates of N 2 O from our site. The short‐term variability of N 2 O emissions from tropical rain forest soils and its dependency on rainfall events have already been highlighted by Breuer et al [2000] and Kiese and Butterbach‐Bahl [2002] for different rain forest sites in Australia and by Vitousek et al [1989] during a rewetting experiment of a tropical forest soil in Chamela, Mexico. Our observations show, that it is essential to have continuous measurements of N 2 O emissions, at least during wet season conditions, to reliably estimate annual loss rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Seasonal variability of N₂O emissions and CH₄ uptake by tropical rainforest soils of Queensland, Australia

Kiese¹,

Hewett

Graham

et al. 2003

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

137

161

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[1] Over 1 year we followed the seasonal variations of N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes at a tropical rain forest site in Australia. In addition, meteorological parameters, litter fall and decomposition, plant species composition, and concentrations of NH 4 + /NO 3 À in the soil and N 2 O and CH 4 in the soil atmosphere were measured. N 2 O emissions showed a pronounced seasonal pattern with highest rates in the wet season (108.6 mg N m , and, thus, approximately 7 times lower than a previous estimate for the year 2000. The marked differences in N 2 O emissions between different years indicate that the interannual variability of N 2 O emissions from rain forest soils cannot be neglected. With regard to CH 4 the soil functioned throughout the entire year as a significant sink. Rates of CH 4 uptake during the dry period (35-68 mg CH 4 m À2 h À1 ) were higher as compared to the wet period (4-45 mg CH 4 m À2 h À1 ). A close linear correlation between soil moisture and magnitude of CH 4 uptake was found. The calculated annual CH 4 uptake (N = 6090) is 3.2 kg CH 4 ha À1 yr À1. This implies that tropical rain forest soils function as significant sinks for atmospheric CH 4 on a global scale.

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“…Castaldi et al (2004) analyzing published N 2 O fluxes from tropical seasonally dry ecosystems, concluded that N 2 O fluxes were strongly limited by soil characteristics and that only in fertile soils with medium texture the conversion of land could induce significant variations of N 2 O fluxes respect to the control sites. Other studies have not shown any effect of clearing and conversion of savanna into pastures; in some cases, a reduction of N 2 O fluxes in the pasture ecosystems in the years following land conversion has been observed (Vitousek et al , 1989; Erickson & Keller, 1997; Verchot et al , 1999; Melillo et al , 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes from soils of the Orinoco savanna under different land uses

Castaldi¹,

Ariangelo²,

Grace

et al. 2004

Global Change Biology

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The study investigates the effect of land-use change on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes from soil, in savanna ecosystems of the Orinoco region (Venezuela). Gas fluxes were measured by closed static chambers, in the wet and dry season, in representative systems of land management of the region: a cultivated pasture, an herbaceous savanna, a tree savanna and a woodland (control site). Higher N 2 O emissions were observed in the cultivated pasture and in the herbaceous savanna compared with the tree savanna and the woodland, and differences were mainly related to fine soil particle content and soil volumetric water content measured in the studied sites. Overall N 2 O emissions were quite low in all sites (0-1.58 mg N 2 O-N m À2 day À1 ). The cultivated pasture and the woodland savanna were on average weak CH 4 sinks (À0.05 AE 0.07 and À0.08 AE 0.05 mg CH 4 m À2 day À1 , respectively), whereas the herbaceous savanna and the tree savanna showed net CH 4 production (0.23 AE 0.05 and 0.19 AE 0.05 mg CH 4 m À2 day À1 , respectively). Variations of CH 4 fluxes were mainly driven by variation of soil waterfilled pore space (WFPS), and a shift from net CH 4 consumption to net CH 4 production was observed at around 30% WFPS. Overall, the data suggest that conversion of woodland savanna to managed landscape could alter both CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes; however, the magnitude of such variation depends on the soil characteristics and on the type of land management before conversion.

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Nitrous oxide flux from dry tropical forests

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from seasonal tropical rainforests and a rubber plantation in Southwest China

N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from seasonal tropical rainforests and a rubber plantation in Southwest China

Seasonal variability of N₂O emissions and CH₄ uptake by tropical rainforest soils of Queensland, Australia

Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes from soils of the Orinoco savanna under different land uses

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Nitrous oxide flux from dry tropical forests

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from seasonal tropical rainforests and a rubber plantation in Southwest China

N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from seasonal tropical rainforests and a rubber plantation in Southwest China

Seasonal variability of N2O emissions and CH4 uptake by tropical rainforest soils of Queensland, Australia

Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes from soils of the Orinoco savanna under different land uses

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Seasonal variability of N₂O emissions and CH₄ uptake by tropical rainforest soils of Queensland, Australia