Nivel de coordinación motriz de niños y niñas participantes del programa escuelas deportivas integrales del ministerio del deporte de Chile

Abstract

Durante los últimos años se ha identificado que una baja coordinación motriz general incide en una baja participación en instancias de juego libre, actividades deportivas organizadas y libres. A su vez, un mejor dominio motriz se relaciona con un bajo nivel de sedentarismo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo fue comparar el nivel de coordinación motriz general de niños y niñas participantes del componente de Iniciación Deportiva del programa “Escuelas Deportivas Integrales” (EDI) del Ministerio del Deporte Chile (“Crecer en Movimiento” desde 2019), según región de procedencia. En relación con la muestra, se evaluaron 341 niños y niñas de ocho regiones del país (Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, O’Higgins, Metropolitana, Bío–Bío, Araucanía y Los Lagos) cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 6 y 11 años de edad. Para recopilar información, se utilizó el instrumento 3JS, compuesto por siete tareas (3 de locomoción y 4 de control de objetos). Los resultados reflejaron que los niños poseen mejor rendimiento que las niñas en coordinación motriz general. Al agrupar las pruebas del test según el tipo de coordinación, también superan a las damas en locomoción y en control de objetos. Los niños y niñas de la región de Los Lagos obtienen mejor rendimiento en seis de las siete pruebas. Se concluye que los varones superan a las damas en las pruebas de coordinación locomotriz y control de objetos, así como también en las puntuaciones de coordinación motriz general.

Effects of Structured and Unstructured Physical Activity on Gross Motor Skills in Preschool Students to Promote Sustainability in the Physical Education Classroom

“…Evidence indicates that one of the main problems in this situation is the lack of effective physical education classes, characterized by a reduced number of hours per week and a lack of specialized teachers. In addition to the above, a low weekly frequency of physical activity increases the gaps between children who have fewer and those who have more opportunities for motor practice [32], reflecting the inequity that can exist even in matters of motor stimulation.…”

Development of Basic Motor Skills from 3 to 10 Years of Age: Comparison by Sex and Age Range in Chilean Children

“…Regarding the level of motor development in the children, the findings indicate that the scores are lower for locomotion, manipulation, and general motor development skills, where most of the children are in the very poor, poor, and low-average categories [ 3 , 21 ]. These results are related to the analysis of the studies of other research works, such as those presented by Ancheta-Arrabal [ 12 ] where decreased results in locomotion, manipulation and total motor development tests were also reported, which indicate that there are previous studies that used the TGMD-2.…”

“…These can be classified according to the muscle groups involved in the movement and developmental taxonomies. According to developmental taxonomies, basic motor skills are those movements considered structural and the basis of skills that require greater complexity, whose acquisition and development is associated with the influence of structural aspects and a strong anthropometric influence [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]; they can be classified into non-locomotor stability, locomotor skills, and manipulative skills [ 1 ]. They are also recognized as structured movements, following reflex movements and rudimentary movements, in which the acquisition of mature patterns of movement in manipulative, locomotor, and balance behaviors progresses [ 6 ].…”

“…On the other hand, no differences in locomotion skills were observed between girls and boys. [ 3 ]. Studies consistently indicate that boys are more proficient in object control skills [ 19 , 41 ] and also show higher levels in motor tasks related to object manipulation and control [ 41 , 42 ]; however, in skills related to locomotion and body control, there is no concrete consensus.…”

“…On the other hand, evidence indicates that children with higher levels of fundamental movement skills tend to be more active and perform more physical activity than those with poorer skills [ 44 ]. Recently, clear evidence has been found that physical activity decreases for each year of a child’s life, starting in early childhood [ 3 , 29 , 30 ]. This is a complex situation, given that reduced levels of physical activity can jeopardize the development of fundamental movement skills, fitness, and health.…”