NMR and viscosity B coefficients for spherical nonelectrolytes in nonaqueous solvents

Yoshida, Kōji; Tsuchihashi, Noriaki; Ibuki, Kazuyasu; Ueno, Masakatsu

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2004.10.010

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There have been relatively few studies that analyze the effect of nonelectrolytes using the Dole−Jones relationship, and none have employed solvents under sc conditions. The studies that have been conducted have examined the effect of solutes in aqueous, polar, and nonpolar solvents. − The majority of high-pressure viscosity investigations have focused on modeling the phase behavior and viscosity. , In addition, activation volumes for high-pressure polymer solutions have commonly been estimated from viscosity data. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Solutes on the Viscosity of Supercritical Solutions

2007

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This study shows that solutes can impart significant structure to supercritical solutions, resulting in unexpectedly high solution viscosity at pressures close to the critical value. The viscosity passes through a minimum as the pressure is increased, and this is accounted for by a solvation of the solutes leading to a decrease in solute-solute interactions. At high pressure, the solution viscosity is similar to that of the pure solvent as solvent-solvent interactions dominate. The increase in relative viscosity is modeled using a modified Dole-Jones equation, and it is shown that the change in relative viscosity is related to the volume fraction occupied by the solute. A general model is presented for simple solutes whereby the viscosity of a supercritical solution can be calculated from the molecular volume of the solute and the viscosity of the pure fluid. The higher than expected viscosity observed at low pressures is used to explain the variation of reaction rate constant with pressure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Solutes on the Viscosity of Supercritical Solutions

2007

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“…Three fluids were considered for the study of salt‐fluid interactions: water (small polar molecule, high permittivity), THF (large polar molecule, low permittivity), and benzene (nonpolar molecule, low permittivity). The relevant properties of benzene are molecular size of 5.36 Å, zero dipole moment, molecular polarizability of 10.32 Å 3 , permittivity of 2.28, density of 879 kg m −3 at 293.5 K, viscosity of 0.65 cp at 298.5 K, surface tension of 0.0289 N m −1 at 293.5 K, and solubility of 0.18 (mole fraction) in water at 293.5 K [ Atkins , 1978; Smallwood , 1996; Yoshida et al , 2005].…”

Section: Dipole Moment Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations related to tetrahydrofuran and methane hydrates for laboratory studies of hydrate‐bearing sediments

Lee

Yun

Santamarina

et al. 2007

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

122

107

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[1] The interaction among water molecules, guest gas molecules, salts, and mineral particles determines the nucleation and growth behavior of gas hydrates in natural sediments. Hydrate of tetrahydrofuran (THF) has long been used for laboratory studies of gas hydrate-bearing sediments to provide close control on hydrate concentrations and to overcome the long formation history of methane hydrate from aqueous phase methane in sediments. Yet differences in the polarizability of THF (polar molecule) compared to methane (nonpolar molecule) raise questions about the suitability of THF as a proxy for methane in the study of hydrate-bearing sediments. From existing data and simple macroscale experiments, we show that despite its polar nature, THF's large molecular size results in low permittivity, prevents it from dissolving precipitated salts, and hinders the solvation of ions on dry mineral surfaces. In addition, the interfacial tension between water and THF hydrate is similar to that between water and methane hydrate. The processes that researchers choose for forming hydrate in sediments in laboratory settings (e.g., from gas, liquid, or ice) and the pore-scale distribution of the hydrate that is produced by each of these processes likely have a more pronounced effect on the measured macroscale properties of hydrate-bearing sediments than do differences between THF and methane hydrates themselves.

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“…Because the capillary diameter ((0.52 to 0.53), (0.7 to 0.8), and (1.0 to 1.1) mm) was far less than its length ((115, 93, and 93) mm), the end corrections were found to be negligible. The viscosity η was then calculated from the relationship 8 where η, F, and t are the viscosity, density, and flow time of the mixture, respectively. k and B are viscometer constants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densities and Viscosities for Binary Mixtures of Chlorinated Polypropylene with Toluene, Tetrahydrofuran, Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, and 2-Butanone at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K

et al. 2006

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The densities for binary mixtures of fractionated chlorinated polypropylene with toluene and 2-butanone have been determined. At a fixed temperature, concentration, and solvent, the densities for binary mixtures of fractionated and unfractionated chlorinated polypropylene with solvents are the same. The width of the molecular weight distribution of chlorinated polypropylene does not affect the densities of these mixtures. The densities and viscosities for binary mixtures of chlorinated polypropylene with toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and 2-butanone have been measured at temperatures from (298.15 to 318.15) K. The apparent molar volumes and standard partial molar volumes of the chlorinated polypropylene repeat unit were calculated from experimental measurements. From the results, the repeat unit structure of chlorinated polypropylene has been determined.

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NMR and viscosity B coefficients for spherical nonelectrolytes in nonaqueous solvents

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of Solutes on the Viscosity of Supercritical Solutions

Effect of Solutes on the Viscosity of Supercritical Solutions

Observations related to tetrahydrofuran and methane hydrates for laboratory studies of hydrate‐bearing sediments

Densities and Viscosities for Binary Mixtures of Chlorinated Polypropylene with Toluene, Tetrahydrofuran, Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, and 2-Butanone at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K

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