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Varner, Roy V.; Ruiz, Pedro; Small, David

doi:10.1023/a:1024762503100

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Furthermore, this difference did not seem to be related to socio-economic or clinical features. 36 With regard to triciclics antidepressants (TCAs), Africans, Asians, and Hispanics seem to require lower doses than Caucasians, [37][38][39] while this relation was not reported for SSRIs. 39 By contrast, other studies did not found ethnic differences in the clinical response to ADs.…”

Section: Antidepressantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 With regard to triciclics antidepressants (TCAs), Africans, Asians, and Hispanics seem to require lower doses than Caucasians, [37][38][39] while this relation was not reported for SSRIs. 39 By contrast, other studies did not found ethnic differences in the clinical response to ADs. An eight-week, open-label clinical trial on patients diagnosed with major depression treated with citalopram, did not report differences in both clinical response and side effects between African-Americans (n = 169) and Caucasians (n = 132), with remission rates of around 50% in both the groups.…”

Section: Antidepressantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The increasing challenge of the possible impact of ethnicity on psychopharmacology

et al. 2020

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Ethnic differences may significantly influence the outcome of psychopharmacological treatment, in terms of prescription, adherence, clinical response, emergence of side effects, as well as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The purpose of this review was to explore the available literature in order to provide general suggestions to help clinicians in choosing the best therapeutic option for patients, taking into account ethnicity. Although findings are sometimes controversial, the overall published studies suggest that ethnicities other than Caucasians tend to show a lower response to antidepressants and a reduced compliance. Africans tend to be more prescribed with antipsychotics, probably due to cultural stereotypes, except with clozapine, probably for their chronic benign neutropenia. Asians usually require less antipsychotic dosages than Caucasians. The differential response and side effect profile of antidepressants and antipsychotics have been related to individual intrinsic factors, to genetic make-up, but also to cultural and contextual variables. Interestingly, albeit limited data suggest ethnic-related genetic heterogeneity at the level of the serotonin transporters, the cytochromes and some neuroreceptors. Taken together, no conclusive findings are available about the role and impact of ethnicity in psychopharmacology. One of the main problems is that the majority of the studies in psychopharmacology have been conducted on Caucasians, so that there is an urgent need to have data in other populations. Furthermore, in the era of precision medicine, the role of ethnicity may be also supported by genetic analysis.

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Section: Antidepressantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antidepressantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increasing challenge of the possible impact of ethnicity on psychopharmacology

et al. 2020

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“…Contrary to general beliefs that African/Black populations require higher doses of psychopharmacological agents than the Caucasian population for the treatment of most psychiatric disorders, recent studies have shown that this is not the case. These studies (Varner et al , 1998, 2000; Ruiz et al , 1999) have shown that African/Black populations require smaller doses of tricyclic antidepressants (desipramine, imipramine and nortriptyline) than the Caucasian population for the treatment of major depression and, similarly, smaller doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine and sertraline).…”

Section: African/black Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ethnicity in psychopharmacology

Ruiz¹

2007

Int. psychiatry

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The association between ethnicity and pharmacology has been reported in the medical literature for several decades. However, the relationship between ethnicity and psychopharmacology has become widely recognised only in the last two or three decades. The large-scale migration which started after the Second World War, at first to the USA and more recently to other higher-income countries, as a result of globalisation, has greatly contributed to the attention and focus given to these migrant groups. In this context, these migrant groups primarily comprise ethnic and racial minority groups. This article briefly reviews the relationship between ethnicity and psychopharmacological agents.

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“…It has been shown that some diseases such as sickle-cell anemia [ 5 ], cystic fibrosis [ 6 ] and hemochromatosis [ 7 ] are more common in specific ethnic populations due to unique genetic mutations in their genomes; but they are rarely found in others. There are also reports indicating that different populations may have various responses to drugs [ 8 – 10 ]. These findings demonstrate that haplotypes in human genomics data could be a useful and informative tool in mapping genes that are involves in representative diseases, as well as personalized medicine [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chaotic viewpoint-based approach to solve haplotype assembly using hypergraph model

2020

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Decreasing the cost of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies, provides a huge amount of data that enables researchers to determine haplotypes for diploid and polyploid organisms. Although various methods have been developed to reconstruct haplotypes in diploid form, their accuracy is still a challenging task. Also, most of the current methods cannot be applied to polyploid form. In this paper, an iterative method is proposed, which employs hypergraph to reconstruct haplotype. The proposed method by utilizing chaotic viewpoint can enhance the obtained haplotypes. For this purpose, a haplotype set was randomly generated as an initial estimate, and its consistency with the input fragments was described by constructing a weighted hypergraph. Partitioning the hypergraph specifies those positions in the haplotype set that need to be corrected. This procedure is repeated until no further improvement could be achieved. Each element of the finalized haplotype set is mapped to a line by chaos game representation, and a coordinate series is defined based on the position of mapped points. Then, some positions with low qualities can be assessed by applying a local projection. Experimental results on both simulated and real datasets demonstrate that this method outperforms most other approaches, and is promising to perform the haplotype assembly.

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Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

The increasing challenge of the possible impact of ethnicity on psychopharmacology

The increasing challenge of the possible impact of ethnicity on psychopharmacology

The role of ethnicity in psychopharmacology

A chaotic viewpoint-based approach to solve haplotype assembly using hypergraph model

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